Anatomy PQ’s (Myology) Flashcards
(73 cards)
1
Q
Name the marked muscle in latin and its antagonist
A
- M. Biceps brachii
- M. Triceps brachii
2
Q
List the two types of articulations cartilagineae
A
- Synchondrosis (bones fused by cartilage e.g. sternocostal joint)
- Symphysis (union of two bones fused by fibrocartilage without synovial membrane)
3
Q
List the two layers of the articular capsule
A
- Outer fibrous layer, stratum fibrosum
- Inner layer, stratum synoviale/synovial membrane
4
Q
Name the two membranes strengthening the atlanto-occipital joint
A
- Ventral and dorsal atlantooccipital membranes
5
Q
Name the joint having the discus articularis
A
- Temporomandibular joint
6
Q
Name the two branches of the biceps femoris
A
- Stifle branch
- Tibial branch
- Calcaneal branch
7
Q
Name the layer of connective tissue that ensheaths a muscle fiber and the layer of connective tissue which ensheaths the entire muscle
A
- Endomysium ensheaths a muscle fiber
- Perimysium ensheaths a fascicle of muscle fibers
- Epimysium ensheaths a muscle
8
Q
Name the passive part of the muscle and its less mobile attachment
A
- Passive part - tendon
- Less mobile attachment - origin
- Movable attachment - insertion
9
Q
Give a definition of the deep ingual ring. Name the muscular structure forming the ring
A
- Area caudal to last muscle fibers of m.obliquus internus abdominis, lateral to m. rectus abdominis
- Caudolateral border formed by lig. Inguinale
- Inguinal canal is an area between deep and superficial inguinal ring
10
Q
Name the three types of articulations
A
- Art. Fibrosae
- Art. Cartilagineae
- Art. Synoviales
11
Q
What are the common features of the joints?
A
- Joint cavity, capsule and hyaline joint cartilage
12
Q
Name the three types of articulations in articulations fibrosae? Give an example of each of these joints
A
- Suture e.g. sutura saggitalis
- Gomphosis (alveolus dentalis)
- Syndesmosis (metacarpals and metatarsals in horse)
13
Q
Name the different types of sutures and give an example of each
A
- Sutura serrata - sutura interfrontalis
- Sutura squamosa - between parietal and temporal bones
- Sutura foliata - sutura interparietalis
- Sutura plana -sutura internasalis
- Schindylesis - sutura vomeroethmoidalis
14
Q
Name two types of biaxial joints
A
- Art. Ellipsoidea and art.Condylaris
15
Q
Which movement decreases joint angles and which increases it?
A
- Extension - increase
- Flexion - decrease
16
Q
Which plane does the above mentioned movement occur in? (Extension & Flexion)
A
- Saggital plane
17
Q
What is hyperextension?
A
- Angle increases beyond 180 degrees
18
Q
Describe rotatio. Give an example of a joint which moves like this
A
- Shake head - axis-atlas
19
Q
What movement moves a limb away from the body and which towards?
A
- Away - abduct
- Towards - adduct
20
Q
Which movement points the dorsum up and which the palmer/planter surface?
A
- Dorsum - pronation
- Palmar/Planter - supination
21
Q
Name the three suturae of the skull
A
- Sagitalis, coronalis, lamboidea
22
Q
Which movement is not included in circumduction?
A
- Rotation
23
Q
What is the name of the ligament in temporomandibularis?
A
- Lig. Caudale (ru+eq) and laterale
24
Q
Name two parts of art. Intermandibularis
A
- Sutura and synchondrosis
25
What type of joint is atlantooccipitalis? What are its two membranes and its ligament?
- Art. Ellipsoidea
- Dorsal and ventral atlatooccipital membrane
- Lig. Laterale
26
What type of joint is atlantoaxialis? What are its two membranes and it’s ligaments?
- Art. Trochoidea
- Dorsal atlantoaxial membrane
- Membrane tectoria
- Lig. Apicis dentis
- Lig. Atlantoaxiale dorsale
- Ligg. Alaria (ca)
27
Name the three parts of symphysis intervertebralis
- Discus intervertebralis
- Anulus Fibrosus
- Nucleus Pulposus
28
Name the four long ligaments of the vertebral column. Which one is absent in cat/pig?
- Lig. Longitudinale ventrale et dorsale
- Lig. Nuchae (absent in cat/pig)
- Lig. Supraspinale
29
List three short ligaments of the vertebral column
- Ligg. Flava
- Ligg. Intertransversaria
- Ligg. Interspinalia
30
What type of joint is art. Humeri? Name it’s two ligaments and the labrum
- Shoulder joint, simple and spheroid
- Labrum glenoidale
- Lig. Glenohumeralis (car)
- Lig. Coracohumerale (ung)
31
What type of joint is art. Cubiti?
- Elbow joint, composite, ginglymus-hinge joint
32
Which joint involves the radius, ulna, carpals and metacarpals? What are the ligaments of this joint?
- Art. Manus & Art. Carpi
- Lig. Collaterale carpi mediale et laterale
33
What is the name of lig. Sacrotuberale in large animals? To which joint does this ligament belong?
- Lig. Sacrotubelare latum
- Art. Sacroiliaca
34
What type of joint is Art. Coxae?
- Hip joint, composite and spheroid
35
What bones does Ligg. Patellae connect?
- From apex of patella to tuberositas tibiae
36
What is a musculus pennatus? Name the types musculus pennatus and give an example of each
- A muscle that has tendons along its volume
- Unipennate - M. Extensor digitorum communis
- Bipennate - M. Rectus femoris
- Multipennate - M. Deltoideus
- Fusiformis - M. Biceps Brachii
37
What kind of muscles are aponeurosis associated with?
- Flat muscles
38
Name the three types of accessory structures
- Fascia
- Synovial tendon sheet
- Bursae synovial
- Sesamoid bones
39
Where are ossa sesamoidea found?
- Tendons - joint capsules
40
Give the functions of the ossa sesamoidea
- Protect tendons
- Increase surface area for attachment
- Redirect pull of tendons
41
How many layers do vaginae synoviales tendinis have?
- 2
42
Describe agonist and antagonist and give an example of a pair
- Agonist - Desired action e.g. M. Triceps Brachii
- Antagonist - Brings limb to initial position and does the opposite of the specific movement of agonist e.g. M. Biceps Brachii
43
Name the type of muscle that works alongside the agonist
- Synergist
44
Name the structure which connects left and right M. Recti abdominis. What makes this structure?
- Linea alba
45
Name the structure which covers both surfaces of M. Recti abdominis
- Vagina M. Recti abdominis
46
Name the two layers of vagina M. Recti abdominis and say what structures make them
- Lamina Externa - Aponeurosis of M. Obliquus externus abdominis and internus and transverses abdominis
- Lamina Interna - Aponeurosis of M. Obliquus internus abdominis and transverses abdominis
47
What does M. Recti abdominis lack at its pelvic end?
- Internal aponeurotic covering
48
Name the transversely placed sheets of connective tissue across M. Recti abdominis
- Intersections tendineae
49
Which tendon attaches to tuber calcanei?
- Tendon calcaneus communis
50
Name the muscles above the hock which attach to tuber calcanei and the muscle below the hock
- M. Triceps surae
- M. Biceps femoris
- M. Semitendinosus
- M. Flexor digitorum superficialis
51
Name the two facial sphincters
- M. Orbicularis oris (mouth)
- M. Orbicularis oculi (eye)
52
Name the muscles that raise the upper lip and the one that pulls it down
- M. Caninus
- M. Levator nasolabialis
- M. Depressor labii inferioris
53
Name the muscles that dilate the nostrils
- M. Caninus
- M. Levator nasolabialis
54
Name the muscles of mastication which are not visible laterally?
- M. Pterygoideus medialis et lateralis
- M. Digastricus
55
Which muscle goes from the paracondylar fossa to the body of the mandible?
- M. Digastricus
56
What is the function of M. Temporalis?
- Raises mandible to close the mouth
57
Name the muscles of inspiration
- M. Serratus dorsalis cranialis
- M. Rectus thoracis
- MM. Intercostales externi
- MM. Scaleni
- Diaphragm
58
Which large back muscle flexes the shoulder?
- M. Latissimus dorsi
59
Name the muscles of expiration
- M. Serratus dorsalis caudalis
- M. Transversus thoracis
- MM. intercostales interni
60
Name the muscle extending from atlas to spina scapulae
- M. Omotransversarius
61
Name the muscle which elevates and rotates the shoulder
- M. Trapezius
62
Name the MM. Pectorales superficiales
- Descendes
- Transversus
- Profundus
63
To which structure do the centrum tendineum vertex and foramen venae cavae belong? Name the three parts of this muscles
- Diaphragm
- Costal, Lumbar, Sternal
64
Which muscles are connected by linea alba?
- Rectus thoracis
- Rectus abdominis
65
Which set of muscles has four heads? Name the heads
- M. Triceps brachii
- Caput longum, caput mediale, caput laterale, caput accessorium
66
Name the muscle with pars acromialis. Name the other part
- M. Deltoideus
- M. Pars scapularis
67
Name the muscles which adducts the hind limb
- M. Adductor
- M. Gracilis
68
Name two extensors and two flexors of the phalangeal joint
- M. Tibialis cranialis
- M. Extensor digitorum longus
- M. Peroneus longus
- M. Extensor digitorum lateralis
69
Name the parts of the nuchal ligament
- Funiculus nuchae
- Lamina nuchae
70
Name 2 joints between the vertebrae and ribs
- Art. Capitis costae
- Art. Costotransversaria
71
Name 3 types of bursae synoviales
- Bursa synovialis subcutanea
- Bursa synovialis submuscularis
- Bursa synovialis subfascialis
- Bursa synovialis subtendinea
72
What are the ligaments of art. Femoropatellaris?
- Lig. Patella
- Lig. Femoropatellare laterale et mediale
73
Name the ligaments of the femorotibial joint
- Ligg. Cruciate genus
- Lig. Collaterale laterale and mediale
