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Anatomy SGGW > Anatomy PQ’s (Myology) > Flashcards

Anatomy PQ’s (Myology) Flashcards

1
Q

Name the marked muscle in latin and its antagonist

A
  • M. Biceps brachii
  • M. Triceps brachii
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2
Q

List the two types of articulations cartilagineae

A
  • Synchondrosis (bones fused by cartilage e.g. sternocostal joint)
  • Symphysis (union of two bones fused by fibrocartilage without synovial membrane)
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3
Q

List the two layers of the articular capsule

A
  • Outer fibrous layer, stratum fibrosum
  • Inner layer, stratum synoviale/synovial membrane
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4
Q

Name the two membranes strengthening the atlanto-occipital joint

A
  • Ventral and dorsal atlantooccipital membranes
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5
Q

Name the joint having the discus articularis

A
  • Temporomandibular joint
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6
Q

Name the two branches of the biceps femoris

A
  • Stifle branch
  • Tibial branch
  • Calcaneal branch
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7
Q

Name the layer of connective tissue that ensheaths a muscle fiber and the layer of connective tissue which ensheaths the entire muscle

A
  • Endomysium ensheaths a muscle fiber
  • Perimysium ensheaths a fascicle of muscle fibers
  • Epimysium ensheaths a muscle
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8
Q

Name the passive part of the muscle and its less mobile attachment

A
  • Passive part - tendon
  • Less mobile attachment - origin
  • Movable attachment - insertion
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9
Q

Give a definition of the deep ingual ring. Name the muscular structure forming the ring

A
  • Area caudal to last muscle fibers of m.obliquus internus abdominis, lateral to m. rectus abdominis
  • Caudolateral border formed by lig. Inguinale
  • Inguinal canal is an area between deep and superficial inguinal ring
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10
Q

Name the three types of articulations

A
  • Art. Fibrosae
  • Art. Cartilagineae
  • Art. Synoviales
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11
Q

What are the common features of the joints?

A
  • Joint cavity, capsule and hyaline joint cartilage
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12
Q

Name the three types of articulations in articulations fibrosae? Give an example of each of these joints

A
  • Suture e.g. sutura saggitalis
  • Gomphosis (alveolus dentalis)
  • Syndesmosis (metacarpals and metatarsals in horse)
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13
Q

Name the different types of sutures and give an example of each

A
  • Sutura serrata - sutura interfrontalis
  • Sutura squamosa - between parietal and temporal bones
  • Sutura foliata - sutura interparietalis
  • Sutura plana -sutura internasalis
  • Schindylesis - sutura vomeroethmoidalis
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14
Q

Name two types of biaxial joints

A
  • Art. Ellipsoidea and art.Condylaris
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15
Q

Which movement decreases joint angles and which increases it?

A
  • Extension - increase
  • Flexion - decrease
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16
Q

Which plane does the above mentioned movement occur in? (Extension & Flexion)

A
  • Saggital plane
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17
Q

What is hyperextension?

A
  • Angle increases beyond 180 degrees
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18
Q

Describe rotatio. Give an example of a joint which moves like this

A
  • Shake head - axis-atlas
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19
Q

What movement moves a limb away from the body and which towards?

A
  • Away - abduct
  • Towards - adduct
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20
Q

Which movement points the dorsum up and which the palmer/planter surface?

A
  • Dorsum - pronation
  • Palmar/Planter - supination
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21
Q

Name the three suturae of the skull

A
  • Sagitalis, coronalis, lamboidea
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22
Q

Which movement is not included in circumduction?

A
  • Rotation
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23
Q

What is the name of the ligament in temporomandibularis?

A
  • Lig. Caudale (ru+eq) and laterale
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24
Q

Name two parts of art. Intermandibularis

A
  • Sutura and synchondrosis
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25
Q

What type of joint is atlantooccipitalis? What are its two membranes and its ligament?

A
  • Art. Ellipsoidea
  • Dorsal and ventral atlatooccipital membrane
  • Lig. Laterale
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26
Q

What type of joint is atlantoaxialis? What are its two membranes and it’s ligaments?

A
  • Art. Trochoidea
  • Dorsal atlantoaxial membrane
  • Membrane tectoria
  • Lig. Apicis dentis
  • Lig. Atlantoaxiale dorsale
  • Ligg. Alaria (ca)
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27
Q

Name the three parts of symphysis intervertebralis

A
  • Discus intervertebralis
  • Anulus Fibrosus
  • Nucleus Pulposus
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28
Q

Name the four long ligaments of the vertebral column. Which one is absent in cat/pig?

A
  • Lig. Longitudinale ventrale et dorsale
  • Lig. Nuchae (absent in cat/pig)
  • Lig. Supraspinale
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29
Q

List three short ligaments of the vertebral column

A
  • Ligg. Flava
  • Ligg. Intertransversaria
  • Ligg. Interspinalia
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30
Q

What type of joint is art. Humeri? Name it’s two ligaments and the labrum

A
  • Shoulder joint, simple and spheroid
  • Labrum glenoidale
  • Lig. Glenohumeralis (car)
  • Lig. Coracohumerale (ung)
31
Q

What type of joint is art. Cubiti?

A
  • Elbow joint, composite, ginglymus-hinge joint
32
Q

Which joint involves the radius, ulna, carpals and metacarpals? What are the ligaments of this joint?

A
  • Art. Manus & Art. Carpi
  • Lig. Collaterale carpi mediale et laterale
33
Q

What is the name of lig. Sacrotuberale in large animals? To which joint does this ligament belong?

A
  • Lig. Sacrotubelare latum
  • Art. Sacroiliaca
34
Q

What type of joint is Art. Coxae?

A
  • Hip joint, composite and spheroid
35
Q

What bones does Ligg. Patellae connect?

A
  • From apex of patella to tuberositas tibiae
36
Q

What is a musculus pennatus? Name the types musculus pennatus and give an example of each

A
  • A muscle that has tendons along its volume
  • Unipennate - M. Extensor digitorum communis
  • Bipennate - M. Rectus femoris
  • Multipennate - M. Deltoideus
  • Fusiformis - M. Biceps Brachii
37
Q

What kind of muscles are aponeurosis associated with?

A
  • Flat muscles
38
Q

Name the three types of accessory structures

A
  • Fascia
  • Synovial tendon sheet
  • Bursae synovial
  • Sesamoid bones
39
Q

Where are ossa sesamoidea found?

A
  • Tendons - joint capsules
40
Q

Give the functions of the ossa sesamoidea

A
  • Protect tendons
  • Increase surface area for attachment
  • Redirect pull of tendons
41
Q

How many layers do vaginae synoviales tendinis have?

A
  • 2
42
Q

Describe agonist and antagonist and give an example of a pair

A
  • Agonist - Desired action e.g. M. Triceps Brachii
  • Antagonist - Brings limb to initial position and does the opposite of the specific movement of agonist e.g. M. Biceps Brachii
43
Q

Name the type of muscle that works alongside the agonist

A
  • Synergist
44
Q

Name the structure which connects left and right M. Recti abdominis. What makes this structure?

A
  • Linea alba
45
Q

Name the structure which covers both surfaces of M. Recti abdominis

A
  • Vagina M. Recti abdominis
46
Q

Name the two layers of vagina M. Recti abdominis and say what structures make them

A
  • Lamina Externa - Aponeurosis of M. Obliquus externus abdominis and internus and transverses abdominis
  • Lamina Interna - Aponeurosis of M. Obliquus internus abdominis and transverses abdominis
47
Q

What does M. Recti abdominis lack at its pelvic end?

A
  • Internal aponeurotic covering
48
Q

Name the transversely placed sheets of connective tissue across M. Recti abdominis

A
  • Intersections tendineae
49
Q

Which tendon attaches to tuber calcanei?

A
  • Tendon calcaneus communis
50
Q

Name the muscles above the hock which attach to tuber calcanei and the muscle below the hock

A
  • M. Triceps surae
  • M. Biceps femoris
  • M. Semitendinosus
  • M. Flexor digitorum superficialis
51
Q

Name the two facial sphincters

A
  • M. Orbicularis oris (mouth)
  • M. Orbicularis oculi (eye)
52
Q

Name the muscles that raise the upper lip and the one that pulls it down

A
  • M. Caninus
  • M. Levator nasolabialis
  • M. Depressor labii inferioris
53
Q

Name the muscles that dilate the nostrils

A
  • M. Caninus
  • M. Levator nasolabialis
54
Q

Name the muscles of mastication which are not visible laterally?

A
  • M. Pterygoideus medialis et lateralis
  • M. Digastricus
55
Q

Which muscle goes from the paracondylar fossa to the body of the mandible?

A
  • M. Digastricus
56
Q

What is the function of M. Temporalis?

A
  • Raises mandible to close the mouth
57
Q

Name the muscles of inspiration

A
  • M. Serratus dorsalis cranialis
  • M. Rectus thoracis
  • MM. Intercostales externi
  • MM. Scaleni
  • Diaphragm
58
Q

Which large back muscle flexes the shoulder?

A
  • M. Latissimus dorsi
59
Q

Name the muscles of expiration

A
  • M. Serratus dorsalis caudalis
  • M. Transversus thoracis
  • MM. intercostales interni
60
Q

Name the muscle extending from atlas to spina scapulae

A
  • M. Omotransversarius
61
Q

Name the muscle which elevates and rotates the shoulder

A
  • M. Trapezius
62
Q

Name the MM. Pectorales superficiales

A
  • Descendes
  • Transversus
  • Profundus
63
Q

To which structure do the centrum tendineum vertex and foramen venae cavae belong? Name the three parts of this muscles

A
  • Diaphragm
  • Costal, Lumbar, Sternal
64
Q

Which muscles are connected by linea alba?

A
  • Rectus thoracis
  • Rectus abdominis
65
Q

Which set of muscles has four heads? Name the heads

A
  • M. Triceps brachii
  • Caput longum, caput mediale, caput laterale, caput accessorium
66
Q

Name the muscle with pars acromialis. Name the other part

A
  • M. Deltoideus
  • M. Pars scapularis
67
Q

Name the muscles which adducts the hind limb

A
  • M. Adductor
  • M. Gracilis
68
Q

Name two extensors and two flexors of the phalangeal joint

A
  • M. Tibialis cranialis
  • M. Extensor digitorum longus
  • M. Peroneus longus
  • M. Extensor digitorum lateralis
69
Q

Name the parts of the nuchal ligament

A
  • Funiculus nuchae
  • Lamina nuchae
70
Q

Name 2 joints between the vertebrae and ribs

A
  • Art. Capitis costae
  • Art. Costotransversaria
71
Q

Name 3 types of bursae synoviales

A
  • Bursa synovialis subcutanea
  • Bursa synovialis submuscularis
  • Bursa synovialis subfascialis
  • Bursa synovialis subtendinea
72
Q

What are the ligaments of art. Femoropatellaris?

A
  • Lig. Patella
  • Lig. Femoropatellare laterale et mediale
73
Q

Name the ligaments of the femorotibial joint

A
  • Ligg. Cruciate genus
  • Lig. Collaterale laterale and mediale

Anatomy SGGW (14 decks)

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