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Anatomy SGGW > Anatomy PQ’s (Osteology) > Flashcards

Anatomy PQ’s (Osteology) Flashcards

All past questions from previous Osteology midterms are here (ones I could find that is ;) )

1
Q

What two layers does the periosteum consist of?

A
  • Fibrous layer
  • Cambium layer
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2
Q

Name the basic structure of the compact bone tissue

A

Osteon

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3
Q

Which part of the long bone does compact bone dominate, and which part does spongy bone dominate?

A
  • Diaphysis (shaft)
  • Epiphysis
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4
Q

Name the disc of hyaline cartilage that is positioned transversely in the long bone and where it is located

A
  • Epiphyseal growth plate
  • Between metaphysis and epiphysis
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5
Q

Name two compartments of maxillary sinus in horse

A
  • Sinus maxillaris caudalis (caudal maxillary sinus)
  • Sinus maxillaris rostralis (rostral maxillary sinus)
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6
Q

Which discipline describes similarities and differences in the anatomy?

A
  • Comparative anatomy
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7
Q

Which bone cells are responsible for osteogenesis (formation of bone) and which for bone resorption?

A
  • Osteoblast
  • Osteoclast
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8
Q

Name the paired surfaces designed to join with costal head

A
  • Fovea costalis caudalis
  • Fovea costalis cranialis
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9
Q

List two vertebrae not having a caput vertebrae

A
  • Atlas
  • Axis
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10
Q

Name the structures of atlas that articulates with the subsequent vertebrae

A
  • Fovea articularis caudales (plural)
  • Fovea dentis
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11
Q

Name the plane that divides the body into two symmetrical parts and name the plane parallel to it

A
  • Median plane
  • Sagittal plane
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12
Q

Which animal has unlocked orbit?

A
  • Dog
  • Pig
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13
Q

Which paranasal sinus is the largest in the horse and which in cow?

A
  • Horse - Maxillary sinus
  • Cow - Frontal sinus
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14
Q

What types of bone can be distinguished in accordance with its shape?

A
  • Flat bone
  • Long bone
  • Irregular bone
  • Sesamoid bone
  • Pneumatic bone
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15
Q

Name the latin name of flat bone and irregular bone

A
  • Ossa plana
  • Ossa iregularia
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16
Q

Name the bone on which sulcus extensorius is present, and the one where processus extensorius is present

A
  • Sulcus extensorius - tibia
  • Processus extensorius - distal phalanx
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17
Q

Name the two surfaces visible in acetabulum

A
  • Facies lunata (pars major & pars minor in cow)
  • Fossa acetabuli
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18
Q

What are the different parts of the hyoid bone?

A
  • Basishyoideum
  • Thyrohydoideum
  • Ceratohyoideum
  • Stylohyoideum
  • Tympanohyoideum
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19
Q

List the different types of sutures in the skull

A
  • Sutura plana
  • Sutura foliate
  • Sutura squamosa
  • Sutura serrata
  • Gomphosis
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20
Q

Give at least 2 defects of brachiocephalic syndrome

A
  • Stenotic nares
  • Elongated soft palate
  • Tracheal collapse
  • Hypertonic palatine tonsils
  • Everted laryngeal ventricles
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21
Q

Name two joints of the vertebrae and ribs

A
  • Art. Capitis costae > costovertebral joint
  • Art. Costotransversaria > costotransverse joint
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22
Q

What parts of the temporal bone are visible in newborns?

A
  • Pars Tympanica
  • Pars Petrosa
  • Pars Squamosa
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23
Q

Name the largest sesamoid bone

A
  • Patella
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24
Q

Name the most distal sesamoid bone

A
  • Os Naviculare
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25
Q

Name the bone that has a) fossa radialis b) fossa extensoria

A
  • Humerus
  • Femur
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26
Q

Which type of bone is typical for a a) body of long bones b) epiphysis

A
  • Compact bone
  • Spongy bone
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27
Q

What are the two main parts of the skull?

A
  • Ossa faciei
  • Ossa cranii
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28
Q

What structure comes out of the external occipital protuberance? What is the structure formed by?

A
  • Lig nuchae
  • Lamina nuchae and funiculus nuchae
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29
Q

What 2 structures in the rib touch the vertebrae?

A
  • Caput costae - facies articularis capitis costae caudalis and cranialis
  • Tuberculum costae - facies articularis tuberculi costae
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30
Q

Name at least 2 surfaces of the proximal phalanx

A
  • Palmar/plantar surface
  • Articular surface
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31
Q

What kind of bone is the proximal phalanx

A
  • Long bone
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32
Q

Name the foramen in the atlas which is replaced with a notch in the dog

A
  • Foramen alare > incisura alaris
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33
Q

Which thoracic vertebrae articulates with the 5th pair of ribs

A
  • 5th and 4th
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34
Q

Name the structure which is formed by the false ribs (costae spuriae)

A
  • Arcus costalis
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35
Q

Which type of bone marrow is typical for flat bone and which one for the medullar cavity of long bones?

A
  • Flat bone - red marrow
  • Medullar cavity - yellow marrow
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36
Q

Name 2 processes forming arcus zygomaticus

A
  • Processus temporalis (os zygomaticus)
  • Processus zygomaticus (os temporalis)
  • Processus zygomaticus (os frontale)
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37
Q

Name two bones forming symphysis pelvina

A
  • Os ischii
  • Os pubis
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38
Q

Name the caudal border of os coxae

A
  • Arcus ischiadicus
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39
Q

State the borders that form foramen obturatum

A
  • Ramus cranialis ossis pubis
  • Ramus caudalis ossis pubis
  • Ramus ossis ischii
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40
Q

Name the process at the distal extremity of the ulna. Which animal does not possess this structure?

A
  • Processus styloideus ulnae
  • Horse
41
Q

Name two processes at the proximal extremity of the ulane

A
  • Processus anconeus
  • Processus coronoideus lateralus et medialis
42
Q

Give at least 2 examples of flat bones

A
  • Scapula
  • Sternum
  • Os pubis
  • Os ischi
43
Q

Name the structures (part of the atlas) surrounding foramen vertebrale

A
  • Arcus ventralis
  • Arcus dorsalis
44
Q

How many ribs does a dog have?

A
  • 12 - 14
45
Q

Name the group of ribs forming arcus costalis

A
  • False ribs
46
Q

What is the latin name for the true ribs, false ribs and floating ribs

A
  • Costae verae
  • Costae spuriae
  • Costae fluctuantes
47
Q

Name the two main parts of rib in latin

A
  • Os costale
  • Cartilage costalis
48
Q

Name the parts of the sternum lying most caudally and cranially

A
  • Caudally - processus xiphoidea
  • Cranially - Manubrium sterni
49
Q

How many vertebrae the os sacrum of the horse and the dog consist of?

A
  • Horse - 5
  • Dog - 3
50
Q

How many lumbar vertebrae does a cow have?

A
  • 6
51
Q

In which morphotype of dogs the external sagittal crest is reduced or missing?

A
  • Brachycephalic
52
Q

List all the morphotype of dog

A
  • Brachycephalic
  • Mesocephalic
  • Dolichocephlic
53
Q

Name the bones bordering the recessus maxillaris

A
  • Ethmoid bone
  • Maxillary bone
  • Palatine bone
  • Lacrimal bone
54
Q

Name the notch (in Latin) of the mandible between the processes coronoideus and processus condylaris

A
  • Incisura mandibulae
55
Q

Name the covering of the outer surface of the skull

A
  • Pericranium
56
Q

Which segment of the limb does the scapula represent? Name the bone representing the same segment of the pelvic limb

A
  • Zonopodium
  • Os coxae
57
Q

What joint do the humerus and the scapula form?

A
  • Shoulder joint
58
Q

What bones can be found in the zeugopodium segment of the front limb?

A
  • Ulna and radius
59
Q

Give two examples of animals having acromion

A
  • Dog
  • Cow
60
Q

What process is present in the acromion of the cat and what process is present in the acromion of dog?

A
  • Cat - Processus suprahamatus
  • Dog - Processus hamatus
61
Q

Name in latin the part where the caput of humerus is joined to

A
  • Cavitas glenoidalis
62
Q

Name the two parts of the long bone neighbouring with the cartilago epiphysialis

A
  • Epiphysis
  • Metaphysis
63
Q

Give another name to os ungulare

A
  • Os unguiculare
  • Distal phalanx
64
Q

Name two surfaces separated by margo coronalis in os ungulare

A
  • Faceis parietalis
  • Faceis articularis
65
Q

How many bones are there in a proximal row of the canine carpus?
How many in the distal row of the bovine tarsus?
Which of them are fused?

A
  • 3 in proximal row of dog
  • 3 in distal row of bovine
  • 4th fused with central tarsal and 2nd fused with 3rd in bovine
66
Q

Name the plane perpendicular to the long axis

A
  • Transverse plane
67
Q

List two groups of ossa capitis

A
  • Ossa faciei
  • Ossa cranii
68
Q

Name the concavity where the maxillary foramen is. With which foramen does the maxillary foramen form the canalis infraorbitalis

A
  • Fossa pterygopalatina
  • Foramen infraorbitale
69
Q

Name the 3 bones forming palatum osseum

A
  • Os palatinum
  • Maxilla
  • Os incisivum
70
Q

Name two bones surrounding the foramen obturatum in latin

A
  • Os ischii
  • Os pubis
71
Q

Name otherwise the middle phalanx in a horse and the distal phalanx in a dog

A
  • Horse - Os coronale
  • Dog - Os unguiculare
72
Q

Does the high part of calcaneus go laterally or medially?

A
  • Laterally
73
Q

Name 3 major parts of the sternum

A
  • Manubrium sterni
  • Corpus sterni
  • Processus xiphoideus
74
Q

What kind of animal has a flat sternum and what kind of animal possesses a sharp bottom sternum?

A
  • Flat bottom - Cow
  • Sharp bottom - Horse
75
Q

Name in latin the type of bone containing the diploe. Give two examples of such bones excluding the skull

A
  • Ossa plan
  • Scaplua and sternum
76
Q

What are the 2 foramens of the mandible? what canal do these two foramens form?

A
  • Foramen mandibulae
  • Foramen mentale
  • Canalis mandibularis
77
Q

In which species does the incisura vasorum facialium present?

A
  • Horse
78
Q

What is the name of the process that is only present in the mandible of the dog?

A
  • Processus angulus
79
Q

Name the structure that is only present in the cats humerus.
Is this structure present in dog?

A
  • Foramen supracondylare
  • Yes
80
Q

Name the distinct structures that are only present in horses humerus

A
  • Tuberculum intermedium
81
Q

Name the two fossa’s that are only present in the humerus

A
  • Fossa radialis
  • Fossa olecrani
82
Q

Name in latin the groove that divides the tuberculum majus and tuberculum minus

A
  • Sulcus intertubercularis
83
Q

Name the structure in the sacrum which articulates with the hip bone

A
  • Facies auricularis
84
Q

Name two fossa’s present on the distal extremity of the femur

A
  • Fossa extensoria
  • Fossa musculi poplitea
  • Fossa intercondylaris
85
Q

Name the bone articulating with the patella

A
  • Caput ulnare
86
Q

Name the middle phalanx in a horse

A
  • Os coronale
87
Q

Name the distal phalanx in dogs

A
  • Os unguiculare
88
Q

Name the species that does not pocess crista nuchae and what structure it is replaced with

A
  • Cow
  • Linea nuchae
89
Q

Protuberantia occipitalis externa is absent in which animals?

A
  • Pig
90
Q

What animals possess foramen orbitorotundeum?

A
  • Pig and cow
91
Q

Name the notches that present in the foramen lacerum

A
  • Incisura ovalis
  • Incisura carotica
  • Incisura spinosa
92
Q

Where are a) eminentia intercondylaris b) eminentia iliopubica located?

A
  • Tibia
  • Os coxae
93
Q

What is the name of the distinct structure that is only present in horses femur and which side is this structure facing?

A
  • Trochanter tertius
  • Lateral
94
Q

State 2 examples each for brachycephalic and mesocephalic dogs

A
  • Brachycephalic - Pekingese & Pug
  • Mesocephalic - Beagles & Golden Retriever
  • Dolichocephalic - Greyhound & Irish wolfhound
95
Q

Name the different parts of the hyoid bone

A
  • Epihyoideum
  • Ceratohyoideum
  • Thyrohyoideum
  • Basihyoideum
  • Stylohyoideum
  • Typanohyoideum
96
Q

Name 2 enlargements of the spinal cord

A
  • Intumescentia cervicalis
  • Intumescentia lumbalis
97
Q

Name in latin the space inside the diaphysis and the type of bone tissue forming its wall

A
  • Cavum medullare
  • Substantia compacta
98
Q

Name in latin the type of bone containing the dipole. Give two examples

A
  • Ossa plana (flat bones)
  • Sternum and scapula

Anatomy SGGW (14 decks)

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