Anatomy questions

Question 1

Vena cava inferior is formed as a result of the merger:

Answer 1

The inferior vena cava is formed on a level of the intervertebral disc between the 4-5 lumbal vertebrae as a result of conjunction of the left and right common iliac veins.

Question 2

Indicate the veins flowing into the vena hemiazygos:

Answer 2

the hemiazygos vein originates from the left ascending lumbar vein( v. lumbalis ascending sinistra ), which arises from the anterior sacral veins in the small pelvis. The left ascending lumbar vein forms anastomoses with four-five left lumbar vein and with the left renal vein( tributaries of the inferior vena cava) behind the psoas major muscle.

Question 3

Sinuses in the pericardial cavity:

Answer 3

sinus tranverses pericardii, sinus obliquus pericardii, superior (if present).

Question 4

Indicate the types of location of the heart on the X-ray image:

Answer 4

Location of heart depends on breathing process.inspiration moves down and expiration moves up.
Obese people in senile age have higher location of heart than normal .type of constitution determines also location of heart
Brahimorphal -horizonatl
Dolimorphal -vertical
Size of heart and mass also increase as a result of different sports excercise

Question 5

The patient developed thrombosis of the superior mesenteric artery. Name the organs that may suffer as a result of this until the appearance of necrosis

Answer 5

pancreas, small intestine, caecum, ascending and transverse colon

Question 6

Vessels that make up the “Hallers tripod

Answer 6

left gastricartery, the common hepatic artery and the splenic artery.

Question 7

Vessels that make up the “Hallers tripod

Answer 7

left gastricartery, the common hepatic artery and the splenic artery.

Question 7

the heart’s conducting system is represented by

Answer 7

sinus-atrial, atrioventricular
nodes and bundles of fibers
Or
sino-arterial node, arterio-ventricular node, arterio-ventricular bundles ( bundles of hiss), its curses , (Purkinje fibres)

Question 8

4. Visceral tributaries of the inferior vena cava

Answer 8

vv.suprarenale s, v.testicularis (ovarica), v.renalis, vv.hepaticae

Question 9

Names of veins in the heart:

Answer 9

sinus coronaries, v. cardiac manga,v. cardiac media,v. cardiac parva,v. ventriculi sinistri posterior, v.obliqua atria sinistri, vv. Cordis anteriores, vv. Cardiacae minimae.

Question 10

Patterns the topography of the arteries in the human body:

Answer 10

Parietal, visceral, deep, superficial, pair unpair

Question 11

Syntopia pulmonary trunk: Anterior:

Answer 11

1. Sternal end of left 2nd intercostal space. * 2. Left lung and pleura. Posterior: * 1. Ascending aorta. * 2. Commence of left coronary artery. * 3. Transverse sinus of pericardium. To the right: * 1. Ascending aorta * 2. Origin of right coronary artery. * 3. Right auricle. To the left: * 1. Left coronary artery. * 2. Left auricle

Question 12

Branches of the thoracic aorta

Answer 12

Aa.phrenicae superiores, aa.intercostales posteriors & rr.bronchiales, rr.esophageales, rr.pericardiaci, rr.mediastinales

Question 13

8. Unpaired branches abdominal part of the aorta

Answer 13

coeliac artery, Superior mesenteric artery & Inferior mesenteric artery, median sacral artery.

Question 14

Paired branches abdominal part of the aorta

Answer 14

gonadal arteries, renal artery, inferior phrenic artery, middle suprarenal artery, lumbar artery.

Question 15

Tributaries of the portal vein

Answer 15

Left & Right gastric vein, superior pancreaticoduodenal vein, cystic vein (from rt branch), paraumbilical vein (from lt branch

Question 16

Deep veins of the lower limb

Answer 16

:from the lymphatic capillaries of the joints, muscles, synovial bags of the foot, lower leg and thigh

Question 17

Deep veins of the upper limb

Answer 17

Tibial vein (anterior & posterior), popliteal vein, femoral vein.

Question 18

In the thickness of the hepatic-duodenal ligament, the portal vein flows

Answer 18

lig.hepatoduodenale

Question 19

Extracranial tributaries of the internal jugular vein

Answer 19

vv.pharyngeales, v.lingualis, v.thyroidea superior, v.facialis, v.retromandibularis

Question 20

Layers of the heart wall

Answer 20

Epocardium , myocardium, pericardium

Question 21

The holes in the walls of the atrium dextrum

Answer 21

Atral septal defect

Question 22

Specify the elements of the cardiac conduction system:

Answer 22

The main parts of the system are the SA node, AV node, bundle of HIS, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers.

Question 23

Anatomical formations of the inner surface of the walls of the ventriculus sinister:

Answer 23

chordae tendinea, trabeculae carneae, musculus papillaris posterior

Question 24

Specify the sash located in the valva atrioventricularis dextra:

Answer 24

Left gastric artery

Question 25

The right atrium has the following structure:

Answer 25

L5 S1

Question 26

Name the vessels that open the right atrium?

Answer 26

infrapiriform foramen

Question 27

Parietal branches of the abdominal part of the aorta:

Answer 27

descending aorta

Question 28

even visceral branches of the abdominal aorta:

Answer 28

inferior mesenteric artery (IMA)

Question 29

Branches of truncus coeliacus:

Answer 29

It arises from the abdominal aorta at the level of the twelfth thoracic vertebrae. It gives off three major branches called left gastric, common hepatic and splenic arteries.

Question 30

Branches A. mesenterica superior:

Answer 30

celiac trunk, Right colic, ileocolic, and middle coli

Question 31

Visceral branches of the thoracic aorta:

Answer 31

pericardial branches,bronchial branches, esophageal branches, mediastinal branches

Question 32

Branches of A. mesenterica inferior:

Answer 32

1) the left colic 2) the sigmoid branches 3) the superior rectal artery

Question 33

Odd visceral branches of the abdominal aorta

Answer 33

Celiac trunk. Superior mesenteric artery. Inferior mesenteric artery.

Question 34

Branches of A.poplitea:

Answer 34

anterior tibial artery. posterior tibial artery. sural artery. medial superior genicular artery. lateral superior genicular artery. middle genicular artery. lateral inferior genicular artery. medial inferior genicular artery

Question 35

Branches a. axillaris in trigonum clavipectoralе:

Answer 35

deltoid branch of the thoracoacromial artery

Question 36

Branches a. axillaris in trigonum clavipectoralе:

Answer 36

Deltoid branch of the thoracoacromial artery

Question 37

What arterial anastomoses does the rete articulare genus form:

Answer 37

a.genus superiores medialis, a.genus media, a.genus superiores lateralis

Question 38

External or subcutaneous veins of the hand:

Answer 38

ephalic. Accessory cephalic. Median cubital. Basilic. Median antebrachial

Question 39

From the junction of which veins v is formed. portae:

Answer 39

Protal vein

Question 40

Veins flowing into the vena cava inferior

Answer 40

common iliac vein lumbar veins testicular vein renal vein suprarenal vein hepatic vein

Question 41

Indicate the veins involved in the formation of the posterior cava-caval anastomosis .:

Answer 41

Portocaval anastomoses

Question 42

Specify lymph pathways:

Answer 42

(with 2 answers)lymphocapillary s, lymphatic vessels, trunks, ducts

Question 43

Specify the places of development of lymphocytes:

Answer 43

red to acute brain and thymus

Question 44

Specify the skeletotopy of the thoracic duct:

Answer 44

Th 11 - L2

Question 45

Specify the place where the thoracic duct passes through the diaphragm

Answer 45

aortic opening

Question 46

Specify the length of the right lymphatic duct:

Answer 46

10-12 мм

Question 47

Specify the groups of lymph nodes where cancer cells fall in case of a tumor of the tongue:

Answer 47

nn . lymph.jugulodigastricus , nn . lymph.juguloomohyoideus

Question 48

.Specify the groups of cervical lymph nodes

Answer 48

anterior and lateral

Question 49

A 16-year-old patient has a hematoma-like rash, pain in the wrist joints, an increase in temperature up to 38C, small lymph nodes of all groups are palpable. Examination revealed pancytopenia, reticulocytosis, moderate enlargement and soreness of the spleen. Indicate the size of the spleen is normal

Answer 49

length 10 - 1 4 cm, width 6-10 cm, thickness a 3-4 cm

Question 50

A 16-year-old patient has a hematoma rash, pain in the wrist joints, fever up to 38C, small lymph nodes of all groups are palpable. The examination revealed pancytopenia, reticulocytosis, moderate enlargement and soreness of the spleen Indicate the skeletopia of the spleen is normal.

Answer 50

located in the abdominal cavity, in the region of the left hypochondrium at the level from IX to XI rib

Question 51

It is known from the lecture course on human anatomy that the lymphatic system is morphologically represented by two morphofunctional divisions. Name these departments:

Answer 51

Lymphatic tracts (vessels) and lymph nodes

Question 52

There are a number of factors that set the lymph in motion. What are the factors that lead to the movement of lymph through the lymphatic vessels.

Answer 52

the presence of valves in the lymphatic vessels, contraction of the legs of the diaphragm, drainage function of lymph nodes, peristalsis of internal organs

Question 53

A young woman came to the outpatient clinic with complaints of pain in the right mammary gland, aggravated by raising her arm and some restriction of movement. Name the groups of lymph nodes into which lymph flows from the lateral quadrants of the mammary gland.

Answer 53

peri-chest lymph nodes, nodi lymphoidei paramammarii and interthoracic lymph nodes, nodi lymphoidei interpectorales

Question 54

A 64-year-old female patient with a malignant uterine formation undergoes an operation, uterine extirpation with extended lymph node dissection. What groups of lymph nodes in the pelvic region are of practical importance?

Answer 54

internal and external iliac , peri-rectal, lumbar

Question 55

Lymph flows from the stomach:

Answer 55

//through the cardiac, gastro-omentum and pyloric nodes to the initial section of the thoracic duct

Question 56

Lymph from a small curvature of the stomach flows out: //

Answer 56

Inn. Gastrici sinistri Inn. Gastrici dextri

Question 57

17.Lymph from the small intestine flows out: //

Answer 57

through the peripheral, middle and Central mesenteric nodes via the intestinal lymph trunks to the thoracic duct

Question 58

18.Lymph from the colon flows out:

Answer 58

to regional lymph nodes

Question 59

Lymph from the upper medial quadrant of the mammary gland flows into:

Answer 59

with 3 answers)lymph nodes near the chest; anterior thoracic; armpit

Question 60

20. Lymph from the upper lobe of the right lung flows into:

Answer 60

(with 3 answers)right bronchopulmonary lymph; lower and upper bronchial lymph

Question 61

A 67-year-old man came to the clinic with complaints of weakness, weight loss in the last two months, skin itch, and a periodic increase in body temperature. When examining a patient, a thick consistency is noticed on the left side of the face, and the enlarged lymph nodes are palpable on the left side of the neck. After the examination, a tumor of the left parotid gland was diagnosed. What lymph nodes react in the form of an increase in this state? (lymph outflow)

Answer 61

Parotid, superficial cervical and deep lateral cervical lymph nodes

Question 62

During the opening of the intestine, the pathologist found that in one particular area there was an accumulation of lymphoid nodules on the mucosal surface. Lymphoid formations of oval shape, protrude above the surface of the mucous membrane, 2-3 cm long and more, 0.8-1.0 cm wide, the number varied from 20 to 30. Using the knowledge gained during the study of the subject "Anatomy", the doctor determines what it is part of the intestine and how are these structures called?

Answer 62

Noduli lymphatici aggregati of ileum

Question 63

A 4th year student suddenly in the evening had a strong toothache on the lower jaw to the right. The next morning, he noticed painful palpable formations under the lower jaw - lymph nodes. Where is the lymph flow going from the teeth of the mandible?

Answer 63

Mandibular .submandibular and submental lymph nodes

Question 64

A student must demonstrate a palpation of the lymph nodes of the head and neck area during the passing the mid-term of propedeutics. What are the groups of lymph nodes that the student will palpate?

Answer 64

Occipital ,mastoid ,parotid ,submental ,superficial and deep cervical lymph nodes

Question 65

In the lymphatic system there is no organ similar to the heart that promotes blood circulation in the vascular system. There are a number of factors driving the lymph in motion. What are the factors leading to the movement of lymph through the lymphatic vessels?

Answer 65

The presence of valves in the lymphatic vessles ,contraction of the diaghragm legs ,drainage function of the lymph nodes ,peristalsis of the internal organs

Question 66

A young man with a knife wound to the abdominal cavity was taken to the emergency hospital. In addition to injuring the abdominal organs, the surgeon suspects wounding of the thoracic duct. what part of the thoracic duct is located in the abdominal cavity and its topography?

Answer 66

The abdominal part of the thoracic duct is dilated the thoracic duct cistern is located under the arotic opening of the diaphragm

Question 67

Lymphatic outflow from the lower lobe of the right lung is carried out in:

Answer 67

Nodi lymphatici bronchopulmonales dexter, trachebronchiales inferiors ,mediastinales anteriores

Question 68

Lymphatic outflow from the lower lobe of the left lung is carried out in:

Answer 68

nodi lymphatici bronchopulmonales sinister, tracheobronchiales inferiors, mediastinales anteriores et posteriors

Question 69

Lymphatic outflow from the bronchi:

Answer 69

nodi lymphatici mediastinales anteriores

Question 70

Lymphatic outflow from the larynx is carried out in:

Answer 70

nodi lymphatici cervicales lateralis profundi, prelaryngeales, pretracheales, paratracheales

Question 71

Lymphatic outflow from the trachea is carried out in:

Answer 71

nodi lymphatici cervicales lateralis profundi, pretracheales, paratracheales, tracheobronchiales inferiores et superiors

Question 72

Specify the group of lymph nodes of the chest cavity:

Answer 72

parietal and visceral