Anatomy - Regional Anatomy

Question 1

describe the anatomical structure of the neck

Answer 1

a large posterior portion of neck occupied by vertebral column and associated musculature
anterior portion of neck is visceral, constitutes of blood vessels, parts of the digestive and respiratory system

Question 2

name the bones of the brain case

Answer 2

frontal (forehead), parietal (main part of brain case wall), temporal (surrounds ear canal), occipital (back of head)

Question 3

name bones of the face

Answer 3

maxilla (upper jaw), zygomatic (prominence of cheek), mandible (lower jaw, only movable bone in skull)

Question 4

describe the shape oesophagus is usually is in the neck

Answer 4

flat, slit like tube

Question 5

describe the muscles running down the side of the neck

Answer 5

sternocleidomastoid - lasrge muscles running down side of neck, originates from behind the ear

Question 6

describe the posterior triangle of the neck

Answer 6

if you draw lines from mastoid muscle to trapezius and sternum, you form the posterior triangle

Question 7

describe the hyoid bone and its features

Answer 7

does not have joint with any other bone, suspended by muscles in 3 ways, with digatric muscle above and strap muscles below

Question 8

name the deep fascia of the neck

Answer 8

peritraceal fascia (seperates trachea)

carotid sheath (wraps jugular and carotid artery)

prevertebral layer (compartment around the muscle around vertebral column, thick in midline and thinner in periphery)

investment layer - deep fascia attached by ligaments and goes around posterior muscles, splits into 2 when reaches trapezius, completely forms collar of neck)

Question 9

describe the contents of the thoracic cavity

Answer 9

coelomic cavity - 3 parts

one pleural cavity and 2 pleural membranes one around each lung, one around heart (pericardium)

Question 10

name the abdominal wall muscles

Answer 10

external obliques, internal obliques, transversus abdominus, rectus abdominus

Question 11

Name and describe the four muscles of the abdomen

Answer 11

• External obliques move downwards
• Internal obliques move upwards and towards the midline
• Transverse abs move horizontally towards the midline
• Rectus Abdominus is the ‘6-pack’ muscle, and moves down the centre in a relatively small band

Think of the oblique muscles as forming a ‘V’ - the external V has its point at the groin, while the internal obliques has an upside down V with the point at the centre of the rib-cage

Question 12

Describe the Pelvis

Answer 12

This is the space enclosed by hipbones and sacrum. The broad upper part is the lower abdomen. The true pelvis is the small, cup-like cavity containing the reproductive organs, and the terminal parts of digestive and urinary systems