Anatomy respiratory System Flashcards
(49 cards)
What is the significance for the thoracic cage
Provides a skeletal framework for the attachment of the muscles of ventilation
Protects all the organs (heart+lungs)
- w/o it the heart and lungs are vulnerable
What is the major muscle of inhalation
Diaphragm
What do the external intercostals do
Supports inhalation by pulling ribs in and out of the
- they pull the true ribs
What doe the SCM and the scalenes do
They pull the ribs up
What do the pectoralis major and minor do during ventilation
Assist in deep or forced inhalation by elevating the ribs which helps expands the chest
- stabilizes the upper body
- athletes/ people in sports slightly flex their arms and spine to catch their breath
What doe the serratus anterior and rhomboids do for ventilation
Pulls the scap away posterior expansion
What do the latissimus dorsi do for ventilation
Spinal extension
Helps gets that expansion upper part of airway
What does the diaphragm do during ventilation
During inhalation the diaphragm flattened out and pulls the thoracic cage out laterally
- initiation of airflow
- pushes organs down ( the more we breathe the more it descends)
- 4 inches is the max
- create as more space in the thoracic cavity
- more for the lungs to fill
What are the sequence of events during INHALATION
- Inspiratory muscles contract (diaphragm descends)
- Thoracic cavity volume increases
- Lungs stretched = intrapulmonary volume increases
- Intrapulmonary pressure drops
- Air flows into lungs down its pressure gradient until intrapulmonary pressure is 0 (equals to atmospheric pressure )
What are the sequence of events during EXHALATION
- Inspiratory muscles relax (diaphragm rises)
- Thoracic cavity volume decreases
- Elastic lungs recoiled passively; intrapulmonary volume decreases
- Intrapulmonary pressures rises to +1mmHg
- Air flows out of lungs down its pressure gradient until intrapulmonary is 0
What tells us that we need to breathe?
Carbon dioxide levels in our blood
What is intrapulmonary pressure
Pressure within the lungs
What is respiration
Gas exchange
What is ventilation
Movement of air
Mechanics of ventilation -> ___
Change in pressure gradient to allow airflow
During mechanics of ventilation, drop in pressure and increase in volume. What is this effect called ?
The vacuum effect
Atmospheric pressure is 760mmHgm, intrapleural pressure drops to 756mmHg
Where is the parietal pleura
Directly on the thoracic cage
Where is the visceral pleura
Directly on the lungs
What are the significance of the parietal and visceral pleura
As the ribs pull the parietal layer out, creates a suction that pulls the visceral layer = intrapleura pressure = helps keep the lungs from collapsing
What would happen if there was no connection btw the parietal or visceral pleura
The lungs would totally collapse fully because there’s constant tension aided by that relatively negative pressure that’s what helps keep the lungs open
What is the hilus
Point where nerves, vessels, and primary bronchi enter parenchyma of each lung
What are the roots in the lungs
Bundle of structures including primary bronchus, pulmonary artery, pulmonary veins, bronchial arteries and veins, pulmonary nerve plexus, lymph vessels
What are the lung segments in the anterior view on the RIGHT lung
apical
Anterior
Lateral
Anterior basal (more laterally)
Medial
What are the lungs segments in the anterior view on the LEFT lung
Apical
Anterior
Superior
Inferior
Anterior basal (on the lower lobe)
