Cardiovascular A&P Lecture 1 Flashcards
(30 cards)
What is “filling/perfusion/resting”
Diastole
What is “contraction/pump”
Systole
What are the layers of the heart? (Inner to outer)
Endocardium
Myocardium
Pericardial cavity
Epicardium
Parietal pericardium
Fibrous pericardium
What is the myocardium made up of
Muscle tissue
In the right atrium, what parallel muscle groups work together to improve strength of atrial contraction?
Pectinate muscles
What pressure does the right atrium have?
Low filling pressure
What divides the right and left atrium?
Septum
Why does the left atrium have a thicker wall than the right?
Receives blood at a higher pressure
Why is the left ventricular wall 3x thicker than the right
Higher pressure generated during contraction
Thicker wall to pump blood throughout the body
What are/is the significance of the AV/Semi-lunar valves
Prevents backflow
Allows for chambers to fill with blood -> maximize the output
Explain the cardiac conduction
Cardiac stimulus is generated by the SA node in RA
Stimulus spreads through RA and LA
AV node and Bundle of His
Stimulus spreads into the LV and RV which are continuation of Bundle of His
Stimulus spreads to the ventricular muscle cells through Purkinje Fibers
What is automaticity
Hearts ability to pump by itself
What is rhythmicity
The beat of the heart
How does the sympathetic nervous system affect the heart?
Increase HR and increase BP
Reduced conduction time through the AV node
How does the parasympathetic nervous system affect the heart
Lower influence, vagus nerve acts to slow HR
Decrease contractility
In the aortic arch, what are the 3 branches that supply the UE
Brachiocephalic
Left common carotid artery
Left subclavian artery
When does perfusion occur?**
During diastole
What is stroke volume
The volume (amount) of blood ejected from ventricles with each contraction
What is cardiac output (CO)
Amount of blood ejected into aorta each minute
What is the formula for cardiac output
CO=SVxHR
How much volume of blood travels in the body
5L/min
What is preload
Amount of tension on the muscle BEFORE it contracts (diastole)
What is after load
The LOAD against which the muscle exerts its contraction
What is contractility
Muscular performance
