Anatomy - Revision of PNS

Question 1

What do dendrites do?

Answer 1

Increase the SA of the cell body and communicate with neighbouring neurones

Question 2

What is a ganglion?

Answer 2

A collection of nerve cell bodies located in the PNS

Question 3

What is a nucleus?

Answer 3

A collection of nerve cell bodies located in the CNS

Question 4

What is a Schwann cell?

Answer 4

Produces myelin in PNS

Question 5

What are the 2 main types of neurones?

Answer 5

Multipolar Unipolar

Question 6

Describe multipolar neurones.

Answer 6

2 or more dendrites Cell body in CNS, axon crosses from CNS into PNS

Question 7

What neurones tend to be multipolar?

Answer 7

All motor neurones of skeletal muscle and autonomic nervous system

Question 8

Describe unipolar neurones.

Answer 8

Double process Cell body in PNS

Question 9

What neurones tend to be unipolar?

Answer 9

Sensory

Question 10

What are efferent neurones?

Answer 10

Motor Impulse moves from CNS towards body wall, body cavity or organ

Question 11

What are afferent neurones?

Answer 11

Sensory Impulse moves from periphery towards brain

Question 12

What is a collection of axons surrounded by connective tissue and blood vessels called in the CNS?

Answer 12

A tract

Question 13

What is a collection of axons surrounded by connective tissue and blood vessels called in the PNS?

Answer 13

A nerve

Question 14

Where are spinal nerves found?

Answer 14

Only in the intervertebral foramina

Question 15

What is anything before the spinal nerve called?

Answer 15

Root/rootlet

Question 16

What is anything after the spinal nerve called?

Answer 16

Rami

Question 17

What do the posterior rami supply?

Answer 17

Posterior body wall

Question 18

What do the anterior rami supply?

Answer 18

Anterolateral body wall

Question 19

Where do all sensory axons pass?

Answer 19

From the spinal nerve into the POSTERIOR root then into the POSTERIOR rootlets then into the POSTERIOR horn of the spinal cord

Question 20

Where do all motor axons pass?

Answer 20

From the ANTERIOR horn of the spinal cord into the ANTERIOR rootlets then into the ANTERIOR root then into the spinal nerve

Question 21

What is a dermatome?

Answer 21

Area of skin supplied with sensory innervation from a single spinal nerve

Question 22

What is a myotome?

Answer 22

The skeletal muscles supplied with motor innervation from a single spinal nerve

Question 23

Why, in order to make an area numb, does more than one spinal nerve have to be damaged?

Answer 23

Innervation of skin by adjacent spinal nerves shows overlap

Question 24

What dermatome is the male nipple in?

Answer 24

T4

Question 25

What dermatome is the umbilicus in?

Answer 25

T10

Question 26

What dermatomes cover posterior scalp, neck and shoulder?

Answer 26

C2-C4

Question 27

What dermatomes cover upper limb?

Answer 27

C5-T1

Question 28

What is a plexus?

Answer 28

Formed from multiple anterior rami

Question 29

Cervical plexus?

Answer 29

C1-C4

Question 30

Brachial plexus?

Answer 30

C5-T1

Question 31

Lumbar plexus?

Answer 31

L1-L4

Question 32

Sacral plexus?

Answer 32

L5-S4

Question 33

Where does sympathetic outflow leave the spinal cord?

Answer 33

with T1-L2 spinal nerves (thoracolumbar outflow)

Question 34

Where does sympathetic outflow originate?

Answer 34

From autonomic centres in the brain

Question 35

How do presynaptic parasympathetic axons leave the CNS?

Answer 35

Cranial nerves III, VII, IX, X Sacral spinal nerves

Question 36

What do parasympathetic axons travel via to get to the eye?

Answer 36

Ciliary ganglion

Question 37

What do parasympathetic axons travel via to get to the lacrimal and salivary glands?

Answer 37

Parasympathetic ganglia in the head

Question 38

What do parasympathetic axons travel via to get to the organs of the neck, chest and abdomen as far as the midgut?

Answer 38

Vagus nerve

Question 39

What do parasympathetic axons travel via to get to the hindgut, pelvis and perineum?

Answer 39

sacral spinal nerves