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Week 8 > Anatomy- SPA forearm and hand > Flashcards

Anatomy- SPA forearm and hand Flashcards

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1
Q

palmar carpal ligament

A

palmar carpal ligament

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2
Q

the cubital fossa

A

most major structures pass through hereand into the hand via the carpal tunnel

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3
Q

Lateral intermuscular septum

A

a membrane that passes from the anterior border of the radius to the deep fascia surrounding the limb

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4
Q

ID This structure flexor retinaculum

A

flexor retinaculum

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5
Q

ID this structure

A
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6
Q

Name the 4 compartments of the hand

A

hypothenar

thenar

adductor

central

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7
Q

ID the things that run in each of the compartments of the hand

A

hypothenar: hypothenar muscles
thenar: thenar muscles
adductor: adductor pollicus
central: the flexor tendons, lumbricals, the superficial palmar arterial arch and the digital nerves and vessels.

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8
Q

What is the midpalm space and the significance?

A

midpalmarspaceis deep to the central compartment.

It is continuous with the anterior compartment of the forearm via the carpal tunnel

This is important because Infections of the hand may travel through the midpalmarspace into the forearm.

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9
Q

Identify the 4 thenar muscles

A
  1. Abductor pollicis brevis (APB)
  2. Flexor pollicis brevis (FPB)
  3. Opponens pollicis (OP)
  4. Adductor pollicis (AP)
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10
Q

Whata are the Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand (Medial to Lateral)

A

All For One And One For All

(Abductor digiti minimi, Flexor digiti minimi, Opponens digiti minimi, Adductor pollicis, Opponens pollicis, Flexor pollicis brevis, Abductor pollicis brevis)

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11
Q

Identify this muscle as well as its:

origin

insertion

action

innervation

Blood supply

A

Adductor pollicis (AP)

Orgin: Oblique head: 2nd and 3rd metacarpals

Transverse head: 3rd metacarpal

Insertion: thumb

Action: adduction and medial rotation of thumb

Innervation : Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8 and T1) (C8, T1)

Arterial Supply: Deep palmar arterial arch

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12
Q

Identify this muscle as well as its:

origin

insertion

action

innervation

Blood supply

A

Abductor Pollicis Brevis (APB)

•Origin: Flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium

•Insertion: thumb (1st metacarpal)

•Action: Abducts thumb

•Innervation: Recurrent branch of median nerve (C8 and T1) (C8, T1)

•Arterial Supply: Superficial palmar branch of the radial artery

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13
Q

Identify this muscle as well as its:

origin

insertion

action

innervation

Blood supply

A

Flexor pollicis brevis (FPB)

•Origin : radius and interosseous membrane

•Insertion : thumb

•Action: Extends proximal phalanx of thumb at carpometacarpal joint

•Innervation: Recurrent branch of median nerve,

Posterior interosseous nerve (C7 and C8), the continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve(deep head)

•Arterial Supply Posterior interosseous artery

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14
Q

Identify this muscle as well as its:

origin

insertion

action

innervation

Blood supply

A

Opponens pollicis

Origin: Flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium

•Insertion: Lateral side of 1st metacarpal

•Action: Draws 1st metacarpal laterally to oppose thumb toward center of palm and rotates it medially

•Innervation: Recurrent branch of median nerve (C8 and T1) (C8, T1)

•Arterial Supply: Superficial palmar branch of the radial artery

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15
Q

Identify the 4 hypothenar muscles

A
  1. Abductor digitiminimi(ADM)
  2. Flexor digitiminimibrevis (FDMB)
  3. Opponensdigitiminimi(ODM)
  4. palmarisbrevis
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16
Q

Identify this muscle as well as its:

origin

insertion

action

innervation

Blood supply

A

Abductor digiti minimi(ADM)

-Origin : Pisiform

-Insertion: pinky

-Action : flexion and abduction of pinky, extension of PIP and DIP joints

-Innervation : Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8 and T1) (C8, T1)

-Arterial Supply : Ulnar artery

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17
Q

Identify this muscle as well as its:

origin

insertion

action

innervation

Blood supply

A

Flexor digiti minimi brevis (FDMB)

Origin: Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum

Insertion: pinky

Action: flexes the MCP joint of pinky

Innervation: Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8 and T1) (C8, T1)

Arterial Supply: Ulnar artery

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18
Q

Identify this muscle as well as its:

origin

insertion

action

innervation

Blood supply

A

Opponens digiti minimi

-Origin Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum

-Insertion pinky

-Action opposition ( draws metacarpal in palmar direction)

-Innervation Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8 and T1)

-Arterial Supply Ulnar artery

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19
Q

Identify this muscle as well as its:

origin

insertion

action

innervation

Blood supply

A

Palmaris Brevis

-Origin palmar aponeurosis

-Insertion skin of hypothenar eminance

-Action depends the cup of the palm and helps to grasp objects, tightens the palmar aponeurosis (protective)

-Innervation ulnar nerve

-Arterial Supply

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20
Q

what is unique about lumbricals and what are they innervated by

A

they connect to tensons instead of bone

1 and 2- median nerve

3 and 4- ulnar nerve

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21
Q

where do lumbricals originate

A

radial side of FDP tendon and insert on dorsal side of extensor expansions

O: flexor digitorum profundus (FDP)

I: extensor expansions of digits 2-5

innervated by the median nerve for 2 and 3 and by ulnar for 4 and 5

MCP joint: flexion

PIP and DIP: extension

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22
Q

what are the two groups of muscles found between the metacarpals

A

3 palmar interossei

  • PAD –> adduct the hand

4 dorsal interossei

  • DAB –> abduct the hand
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23
Q

Identify this muscle as well as its:

origin

insertion

action

innervation

Blood supply

A

Palmar interossei (3)

•Origin Palmar 1 - 3: Palmar surfaces of 2nd, 4th and 5th metacarpals (unipennate muscles)

•Insertion Palmar 1 - 3: Extensor expansions of digits and bases of proximal phalanges of digits 2, 4 and 5

•Action Palmar 1 - 3: MCP joint flexion, PIP and DIP extension and adduction toward third finger

•Innervation Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8 and T1) (C8, T1)

•Arterial Supply: Palmar metacarpal arteries

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24
Q

Identify this muscle as well as its:

origin

insertion

action

innervation

Blood supply

A

Dorsal interossei

Origin Dorsal 1 - 4: Adjacent sides of two metacarpals (bipennate muscles)

•Insertion Dorsal 1 - 4: Extensor expansions and bases of proximal phalanges of digits 2 - 4

•Action Dorsal 1 - 4: MCP joint: flexion, PIP and DIP extension and abduction from 3rd finger

•Innervation Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8 and T1) (C8, T1)

•Arterial Supply Dorsal 1 - 4: Dorsal and palmar metacarpal arteries

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25
Which muscles do flexion of **thumb** which do flexion at **MCP** which do flexion at **DIP** which do flexion at **PIP**
**thumb:** flexor pollicis longus, flexor pollicis brevis **MCP:** lumbricals, interossei, flexor digiti minimi **DIP:** flexor digitorum profundus **PIP:** flexor digitorum superficialis
26
Which muscles do extension of **thumb** which do extension at **MCP** which do extension at **DIP** which do extension at **PIP**
**thumb:** extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis **MCP:** extensor digitorim, extensor indicis, extensor digiti minimi **DIP and PIP:** lumbricals and interossei
27
Which muscles do abduction of **thumb** which do abduction at **MCP**
**thumb:** abductor pollicis longus and brevis **MCP:** dorsal interossei, abductor digiti minimi
28
Which muscles do adduction of **thumb** which do adduction at **MCP**
**Thumb:** adductor pollicis **MCP:** palmar interossei
29
Which muscles do opposition of the **thumb** which muscles do opposition of **MCP**
**Thumb:** opponens pollicis **MCP:** opponens digiti minimi
30
What structures border the cubita fossa
traingle space bordering the pronator teres, brachioradialis, medial line to epicondyles supinator and brachialis on the floor roof is the deep fascia of the forearm reinforced by the bicipital aponeurosis
31
what are the contents of the cubital fossa from lateral to medial
The contents of the cubital fossa from lateral to medial are the radial nerve tendon of the biceps brachii the brachial artery median nerve Really need: radial nerve Booze to: biceps tendon Be at: Brachial artery My nicest: Median nerve
32
What is carpal tunnel syndrome
Carpal tunnel syndrome is an entrapment syndrome caused by pressure on the median nerve within the carpal tunnel.
33
what are the components of the carpal tunnel
①Four tendons of the FDS ②Four tendons of the FDP ③Tendon of FPL ④Median nerve
34
Function of the flexor retinaculum
•he flexor retinaculum prevents bowstringing of tendons during flexion of the wrist.
35
ID the pisiform flexor retinaculum the trapezius capitate
36
what passes superficial to the carpal tunnel
ulnar artery ulna nerve and the tendon of PL
37
Path of the palmar carpal ligament
extends from the pisiform (ulnar side) to the hamate bone, cover the ulnar nerve and artery
38
What is the guyon's canal and what is the significance of it
The canal formed between the carpal bones and the palmar carpal ligament where the ulnar nerve may be entrapped or compressed (also called the ulnar tunnel)
39
What is the tunnel outlines in green?
ulnar or guyons tunnel
40
what is the rule for the extensors of the posterior arm
Extensor muscles of forearm: Rule of 3 3 muscles for wrist extension 1. Extensor carpi radialis brevis 2. Extensor carpi radialis longus 3. Extensor carpi ulnaris 3 muscles for finger extension 1. Extensor digitorum( for all four fingers) 2. Extensor indicis 3. Extensor digitiminimi 3 muscles for the thumb 1. Extensor pollicislongus 2. Extensor policisbrevis 3. Abductor pollicislongus
41
what is the primary action of the superficial muscles of the posterior compartment
extend or abduct the wrist
42
what are the muscles of the anterior forearm
①brachioradialis ②extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL) ③extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) ④extensor digitorum (ED) ⑤extensor digiti minimi (EDM) ⑥extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) ⑦anconeus is sometimes considered a muscle of the superficial posterior compartment.
43
what superficial muscles are attached to the common extensor tendon
①extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) ②extensor digitorum (ED) ③extensor digiti minimi (EDM) ④extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU)
44
what structures are involved in lateral epicondylitis (“Tennis elbow”)
common extensor tendon& ECRB
45
what is the purpose of the retinaculum
The tendons of these muscles pass under the extensor retinaculum(see left) as they enter the hand. The purpose of the retinaculum is to prevent bowstringing of the tendons when the muscles are contracted.
46
Identify this muscle as well as its: origin insertion action innervation Blood supply
**Extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU)** ## Footnote **Origin** Lateral epicondyle of humerus and posterior border of ulna **Insertion** Base of 5th metacarpal **Action** Extends and adducts hand at wrist joint **Innervation** Posterior interosseous nerve, deep branch of the radial nerve **Arterial Supply** Ulnar artery
47
Identify this muscle as well as its: origin insertion action innervation Blood supply
**Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus (ECRL)** ## Footnote **Origin** Lateral supracondyle ridge of humerus **Insertion** Base of 2nd metacarpal **Action** Extend and abduct hand at wrist joint **Innervation** Radial nerve (C6 and C7) (C7, C6) **Arterial Supply** Radial artery
48
Identify this muscle as well as its: origin insertion action innervation Blood supply
**extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB)** ## Footnote **Origin** Lateral epicondyle of humerus **Insertion** Base of 3rd metacarpal **Action** Extend and abduct hand at wrist joint **Innervation** Deep branch of radial nerve (C7 and C8) (C7, C8) **Arterial Supply** Radial artery
49
Identify this muscle as well as its: origin insertion action innervation Blood supply
**Extensor digititorum (ED)** ## Footnote **Origin** Lateral epicondyle of humerus **Insertion** digital expansion of 2-5th digit **Action** wrist: extension MCP, PIP, DIP extension/abduction of fingers **Innervation** Posterior interosseous nerve (C7 and C8), the continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve (C7, C8) **Arterial Supply** Interosseous recurrent and posterior interosseous arteries
50
Identify this muscle as well as its: origin insertion action innervation Blood supply
**extensor digiti mini (EDM)** ## Footnote **Origin** Lateral epicondyle of humerus **Insertion** Extensor expansion of 5th digit **Action** Extends 5th digit at metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints **Innervation** Posterior interosseous nerve (C7 and C8), the continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve (C7, C8) **Arterial Supply** Interosseous recurrent artery
51
Identify this muscle as well as its: origin insertion action innervation Blood supply
**supinator** ## Footnote **Origin** Lateral epicondyle of humerus, radial collateral and annular ligaments, supinator fossa and crest of ulna **Insertion** Lateral, posterior and anterior surfaces of proximal 1/3 of radius **Action** Supinates forearm (i.e., rotates radius to turn palm anteriorly) **Innervation** Deep branch of radial nerve (C5 and C6) (C5, C6) **Arterial Supply** Recurrent interosseous artery
52
Identify this muscle as well as its: origin insertion action innervation Blood supply
**extensor Indicis (EI)** ## Footnote **Origin** Posterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane **Insertion** Extensor expansion of 2nd digit **Action** Extends 2nd digit and helps to extend hand **Innervation** Posterior interosseous nerve (C7 and C8), the continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve (C7, C8) **Arterial Supply** Posterior interosseous artery
53
Identify this muscle as well as its: origin insertion action innervation Blood supply
**Abductor Pollicis Longus (APL)** ## Footnote **Origin** Posterior surfaces of ulna, radius and interosseous membrane **Insertion** Base of 1st metacarpal **Action** Abducts thumb and extends it at carpometacarpal joint **Innervation** Posterior interosseous nerve (C7 and C8), the continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve (C7, C8) **Arterial Supply** Posterior interosseous artery
54
Identify this muscle as well as its: origin insertion action innervation Blood supply
**extensor pollicis longus (EPL)** ## Footnote **Origin** Posterior surface of middle 1/3 of ulna and interosseous membrane **Insertion** Base of distal phalanx of thumb **Action** Extends distal phalanx of thumb at carpometacarpal and interphalangeal joints **Innervation** Posterior interosseous nerve (C7 and C8), the continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve (C7, C8) **Arterial Supply** Posterior interosseous artery
55
Identify this muscle as well as its: origin insertion action innervation Blood supply
**extensor pollicis brevis (EPB)** ## Footnote **Origin** Posterior surfaces of radius and interosseous membrane **Insertion** Base of proximal phalanx of thumb **Action** Extends proximal phalanx of thumb at carpometacarpal joint **Innervation** Posterior interosseous nerve (C7 and C8), the continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve (C7, C8) **Arterial Supply** Posterior interosseous artery
56
57
what are the 5 deep muscles of the posterior forearm
supinator abductor pollicis longus extensor pollicis brevis extensor pollicis longus extensor indicis
58
59
what are the 3 radialis muscles of the postereior forearm
branchioradialis extensor carpi radialis longus extensor carpi radialis brevis
60
what are the 3 superficial muscles of the forearm
extensor digitorum extensor digiti minimi extensor carpi ulnaris

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