- Tempormandibular Ligament (lateral ligament) - Stylomandibular Ligament (originates from the styloid process) - Sphenomandibular Ligament (attaches at the lingula)

Anatomy: Temporal & Infratemporal Fossae Flashcards by Haley Rambo

Boundaries of temporal fossa

Posterior and Superior
Anterior
Lateral
Inferior

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Temporal fossa boundaries that house the temporal lines

Posterior and Superior boundaries

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Temporal fossa boundary that houses the frontal and zygomatic bones

Anterior boundary

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Temporal fossa boundary that houses the zygomatic arch

Lateral boundary

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Temporal fossa boundary that houses the infratemporal crest of the sphenoid bone (best seen when the zygomatic arch has been removed)

Inferior boundary

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Contents of temporal fossa

Temporalis muscle
Temporalis fascia
Deep temporal vessels and nerves (run underneath the temporalis muscle)
Superficial temporal vessels (runs up directly in front of ear)
Auriculotemporal nerve (runs up directly in front of ear along with superficial temporal vessels)

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The “keystone” of the skull with lots of foramina and landmarks for the skull

Sphenoid Bone

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What is exposed by the removal of the zygomatic arch and mandible

Infratemporal fossa

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Synovial definition

Freely movable

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A synovial joint; modified hinge joint

Temporomandibular joint

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Articular surfaces of the tempormandibular joint

Mandibular condyle
Mandibular fossa
Articular tubercle of the temporal bone

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Composed of fibrocartilage; Divides the tempormandibular joint into two compartments

Articular disc

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The articular disc divides the tempormandibular joints into two compartments, known as the:

Superior compartment

- Inferior compartment

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Responsible for gliding movements of protrusion and retrusion

“Push jaw forward and pull it back”
“Side to side/back and forth movements”

Superior compartment

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Responsible for hinge movements of depression and elevation

“Elevate/depress mandible”

Inferior compartment

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Allow the jaw to be able to move around: protrude out, retrude in, elevate/depress mandible, side to side/back and forth movements

Superior and inferior compartments of the temporomandibular joint, created by the articular disc

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Peripherally attached to the joint capsule

Articular disc

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Anteromedially attaches to the tendon of the lateral pterygoid

IMPORTANT TO KNOW

Articular disc

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Joint or articular capsule of the TMJ attaches where?

Superiorly to the articular tubercle
Superiorly to the margins of the mandibular fossa
Inferiorly to the neck of the mandible

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What lines the joint capsule above and below the articular disc, but does not cover the articular disc

Synovial membrane

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Ligaments of the TMJ

Tempormandibular Ligament (lateral ligament)
Stylomandibular Ligament (originates from the styloid process)
Sphenomandibular Ligament (attaches at the lingula)

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What sits right behind the lingula, which dentists anesthetize to numb the pt?

Inferior alveolar nerve

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Muscles of mastication

Temporalis
Masseter
Medial Pterygoid
Lateral Pterygoid

Innervation of mastication muscles

Branches of V3 (Mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve)

Insertion of Temporalis

Coronoid process and Anterior surface of the ramus of the mandible

Innervation of Temporalis

Anterior and Posterior deep temporal nerves

Actions of Temporalis

- Elevate mandible (closes mouth) - Retrusion of mandible (Pull jaw backward) - Right and Left lateral movements (grinding and chewing)

Origin of Masseter

Inferior border of medial surface of the maxillary process of the zygomatic bone and the zygomatic arch..... Ha. Ha. "Coming from region of zygomatic arch"

Insertion of Masseter

Angle and Lateral surface of mandible

Innervation of Masseter

Masseteric nerve

Actions of Masseter

- Elevation of mandible - Right and Left lateral movements - Protrusion of mandible - Retrusion of mandible *Reversible because it can do both protrusion and retrusion movements which are in opposite directions

Origin of SUPERIOR head of Lateral Pterygoid IMPORTANT

Infratemporal surface of greater wing of the sphenoid

Origin of INFERIOR head of Lateral Pterygoid IMPORTANT

Lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate

Insertion of Lateral Pterygoid GARGOYLE!!!

- Most fibers: Pterygoid forces on anterior surface of neck of mandible - *(GARGOYLE)*Some fibers from SUPERIOR head: Joint capsule and Articular disc of TMJ

Innervation of Lateral Pterygoid

Lateral pterygoid nerves

Actions of Lateral Pterygoid IMPORTANT

- Protrusion of mandible - **Depress mandible (helps open the mouth) - Right and Left lateral chewing and grinding movements

Origin of DEEP head of Medial Pterygoid

Medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate

Origin of SUPERFICIAL head of Medial Pterygoid

Tuberosity of maxilla

Insertion of Medial Pterygoid

Medial surface of angle of mandible

Innervation of Medial Pterygoid

Medial Pterygoid nerve

Actions of Medial Pterygoid

- Elevation of mandible - Protrusion of mandible - Right and left lateral chewing and grinding movements

Muscles that assist in depressing the mandible (opening the mouth)

- Suprahyoid Muscles | - Infrahyoid Muscles

What can cause Anterior jaw/joint Dislocation

Excessive contraction of the lateral pterygoid may cause the heads of the mandible to dislocate anteriorly past the articular tubercles

What happens during anterior dislocation, and what causes it to happen?

Cause: Pt yawns really wide and dislocates their jaw Effect: Mandible remains open, and person cannot close it

How is reduction performed for anterior jaw dislocations?

By pressing downward and backward on the last molar teeth

Why is posterior jaw dislocation uncommon?

Due to the presence of the postglenoid tubercle and the strong lateral ligament

What is more likely to occur than a posterior jaw dislocation?

Fracture of the neck of the mandible caused by falls on the chin or a direct blow to the chin

The "main show or main event" -in Dr. Soltesz' words

The infratemporal fossa

Communications with the infratemporal fossa

- temporal fossa (through the space b/w the zygomatic arch and the cranial wall) - orbit (through the inferior orbital fissure) - middle cranial fossa (through the foramen ovale and the foramen spinosum) - pterygopalatine fossa (via the pterygomaxillary fissure)

Contents of Infratemporal fossa

- Medial and Lateral pterygoid muscles - Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (V3) - Otic ganglion - Chorda tympani (nerve) - Maxillary artery and its branches - Maxillary vein and pterygoid venous plexus

Consists of 2 parts: Large sensory component and Small motor component

Mandibular division of Trigeminal Nerve (V3)

V3 exits from:

Middle cranial fossa via foramen ovale; Enters infratemporal fossa; Divides into anterior and posterior divisions

Where do branches of V3 come from?

- Main trunk - Anterior and Posterior divisions --And then those ant and post divisions will have their own branches

Branches of V3 from Main Trunk (before it splits into the anterior and posterior divisions)

- Nerve to the medial pterygoid | - Meningeal branch (nervous spinosus/recurrent branch of V3 to dura mater)

What does the branch from V3 to the medial pterygoid supply?

- Medial pterygoid - Gives small branches to: - -tensor tympani - -tensor veli palatine

What does the meningeal branch of V3 do?

- Enters middle cranial fossa via foramen spinosum (similar to middle meningeal artery) - Innervates dura mater of middle cranial fossa