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Biol 430 > Anatomy Terms > Flashcards

Anatomy Terms Flashcards

(76 cards)

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1
Q

What is the Anatomical position?

A

Feet together, facing forward arms at side with palms up.

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2
Q

Name 3 plaines of the body.

A

Coronal/Frontal
Sagittal
Transverse

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3
Q

Identify movements made in the coronal plane.

A

Abduction and Adduction

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4
Q

Identify movements made in the sagittal plane.

A

Flexion and Extension

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5
Q

Anterior/posterior- which means more towards the frontside?

A 
Anterior = Forwards
Posterior = Backwards
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6
Q

Superior/inferior- which means more towards the feet?

A 
Superior = Higher/ Above
Inferior = Lower/Below
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7
Q

Medial/lateral- which means more towards the midline?

A 
Medial = Middle/Toward the midline
Lateral = Side/Away form the midline
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8
Q

Proximal/distal- which means closer to the point of trunk attachment.

A 
Proximal = Closer to 
Distal = Farther away
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9
Q

Superficial/deep- which means closer to the surface?

A 
Superficial = Near the surface
Deep = Farther form the surface
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10
Q

Which region is the head?

A

Cephalic

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11
Q

Which region is between the shoulder and elbow?

A

Brachial

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12
Q

Which region means “neck”?

A

Cervical

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13
Q

Which region is between the knee and ankle?

A

Crural (front) or Sural (calf)

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14
Q

Which region is between the elbow and wrist?

A

Antebrachial

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15
Q

Which cavity contains the heart and lungs?

A

Thoracic Cavity

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16
Q

Name the cavities that contain the brain and spinal cord.

A

Cranial and Vertebral Cavity

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17
Q

In the abdominal cavity, which side is the liver on, Left or Right?

A

Right

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18
Q

In the abdominal cavity, which side is the spleen on, Left or Right?

A

Left

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19
Q

Name the cavity that contains the urinary bladder.

A

Pelvic Cavity

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20
Q

Name the quadrants

A

RUQ
LUQ
RLQ
LLQ

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21
Q

Name the nine regions.

A 
R/L Hypochondriac
R/L Lumbar
R/L Inguinal 
Epigastric
Umbilical 
Hypogastric
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22
Q

Can you identify the elements (stimulus, sensor/receptor, control center, output effector, reponse) of the homeostatic controls that regulate body temperature?

A 
Stimulus:
Sensor/Receptor:
Control Center:
Output:
Effector:
Response:
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23
Q

Given:
Decrease in CRH
Increase in ACTH
Increase in Corisol

Where is the Adenoma?

A

Hypothalmus

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24
Q

A patient presents a tumor in the anterior pituitary in the part that affects cells secreting FSH/LH.
Predict levels of :
GnRH, FSH/LH, and est/prog

A

Decreased levels of GnRH Increased levels of FSH/LH

Increased levels of est/prog

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25
1. A patient presents a tumor in the hypothalamus in the part that affects cells secreting CRH. Predict levels of : CRH, ACTH, cortisol
Increased levels of CRH, Increased levels of ACTH Increased levels of cortisol
26
Metabolism
Sum total of the chemical reactions occurring in the body cells
27
Transverse plane
A plane running from right to left, dividing the body or an organ into superior and inferior parts
28
Atmospheric pressure
Force that air exerts on the surface of the body (760 mmHg at sea level)
29
Visceral organs (viscera)
A group of internal organs housed in the ventral body cavity
30
Midsagittal plane
Specific sagittal plane that lies exactly in the midline
31
Cell
Structural unit of all living things
32
inguinal
pertaining to the groin region
33
Mediastinum
The medial cavity of the thorax containing the heart, great vessels, thymus and parts of the trachea, bronchi and esophagus
34
Effector
Muscle or gland capable of being activated by nerve endings
35
Negative feedback mechanisms
The most common homeostatic control mechanism. The net effect is that the output of the system shuts off the original stimulus or reduces its intensity
36
Excertion
Elimination of waste products from the body
37
Insulin
A hormone that enhances the carrier-mediated diffusion of glucose into tissue cells, thus lowering blood glucose levels
38
Organ
A part of the body formed of two or more tissues and adapted to carry out a specific function
39
Parietal Serosa
The part of the double-layered membrane that lines the walls of the ventral body cavity
40
Parasagittal planes
All sagittal planes offset from the midline
41
Organ system
A group of organs that work together to perform a vital body function
42
Serosa (serous membrane)
The moist membrane found in closed ventral body cavities
43
Serous fluid
Clear, watery fluid secreted by cells of a serous membrane
44
selectively permeable membrane
A membrane that allows certain substances to pass while restricting the movement of others; also called differentially permeable membrane
45
Superficial
Located close to or on the body surface
46
Receptor
A cell or nerve ending of a sensory neuron specialized to respond to particular types of stimuli; protein that bonds specifically with other molecules
47
Homesostatsis
A state of body equilibrium or stable internal environment of the body
48
Digestion
A series of catabolic steps in which complex food molecules are broken down to their building blocks by enzymes
49
Cardiovascular system
organ system that distributes the blood to deliver nutrients and remove wastes
50
Parietal
Pertaining to the walls of a cavity
51
Complementarity of structure and function
The relationship between a structure and its function
52
Axial
Relating to the head, neck, and trunk; one of the two major divisions of the body
53
Tumor
An abnormal growth of cells; a swelling; may be cancerous
54
Histology
Branch of anatomy dealing with the microscopic structure of tissue
55
Anatomy
Study of the structure of living organisms
56
Visceral Serosa
The part of the double-layered membrane that lines the outer surfaces of organs within the ventral body cavity
57
Positive feedback mechanisms
Feedback that trends to cause the level of a variable to change in the same direction as an initial change
58
Sagittal plane
A longitudinal plane that divides the body or any of its parts into right and left portions
59
Nurtients
Chemical substances taken in via the diet that are used for energy and cell building
60
Systemic
Pertaining to the whole body
61
Vertebral Column
Formed of a number of individual bones called vertebrae and two composite bones (sacrum and coccyx)
62
Physiology
Study of the function of living organisms
63
Cross section
A cut running horizontally form right to left, dividing the body or an organ into superior and inferior parts
64
Oblique Section
A cut made diagonally between the horizontal and vertical plane of the body or an organ
65
Organism
The living animal (or plant), which represents the sum total of all its organ systems working together to maintain life; also applies to a microorganism
66
Embryo
Developmental stage extending from fertilization to the end of the eighth week
67
Pleural cavity
A potential space between the two layers of pleura; contains a thin film of serous fluid
68
Frontal plane
Longitudinal plane that divides the body or an organ into anterior and posterior parts
69
Glucose
Principal blood sugar; a hexose
70
Distal
Away from the attached end of a limb or the origin of a structure
71
Hypotonic
Below normal tone or tension
72
Renal
Pertaining to the kidney
73
Dorsal
Pertaining to the back; posterior
74
Appendicular
Relating to the limbs; one of the two major divisions of the body
75
Excitablility
Ability to respond to stimuli
76
Umbilicus
Navel; marks site where umbilical cord was attached in fetal stage

Biol 430 (10 decks)

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