Skeletal Tissue Flashcards
(111 cards)
1
Q
Fossa
A
A depression, often an articular surface
2
Q
Endochondral Ossification
A
Embryonic formation of bone by the replacement of calcified cartilage; most skeletal bones are formed by this process
3
Q
Hemorrhage
A
Loss of blood from the vessels by flow through rupture walls; bleeding
4
Q
Osteon
A
System of interconnecting canals in the microscopic structure of adult compact bone; unit of bone; also called Haversian system
5
Q
Parathyroid Gland
A
Small endocrine glands located on the posterior aspect of the thyroid gland
6
Q
Epiphyseal plate
A
Plate of hyaline cartilage at he junction of the diaphysis and epiphysis that provides for growth in length of a long bone
7
Q
Spongy Bone
A
Internal layer of skeletal bone. Also called cancellous bone
8
Q
Appostitional growth
A
Growth accomplished by the addition of new layers onto those previously formed
9
Q
Hyaline Cartilage
A
The most abundant cartilage type in the body; provides firm support with some pliability
10
Q
Cartilage
A
One of four types of connective tissue- avascular and not innervated
11
Q
Articulation (joint)
A
The junction of two or more bones
12
Q
Osteomalacia
A
Disorder in which bones are inadequately mineralized; soft bones
13
Q
Dipole
A
The internal layer of spongy bone in flat bones
14
Q
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
A
Hormone released by the parathyroid glands that regulate blood calcium levels
15
Q
Central (Haversian) canal
A
The canal in the center of each osteon that contains minute blood vessels and nerve fibers that serve the needs of the osteocytes
16
Q
Interstitial Lamellae
A
Incomplete lamellae that lie between intact osteons, filling the gaps between forming osteons, or representing the remnants of an osteon that has been cut through by bone remondling
17
Q
Osteoblasts
A
Bone-forming cells
18
Q
Bone remodeling
A
Process involving bone formation and destruction in response to hormonal and mechanical factors
19
Q
T cells
A
Lymphocytes that mediate cellular immunity; include helper, cytotoxic, regulatory, and memory cells. Also called T Lymphocytes
20
Q
Cartilage bone (endochondral bone)
A
Bone forming by using hyaline cartilage structures as models for ossification
21
Q
Osteogenesis
A
The process of bone formation; Also called ossification
22
Q
Osteoclast
A
Large cells that resorb or break down bone matrix
23
Q
Foramen
A
Hole or opening in a bone or between body cavities
24
Q
Lacuna
A
A small space, cavity, or depression; lacunae in bone or cartilage are occupied by cells
25
Fiber
A slender threadlike structure or filament.
26
Osteoporosis
Decreased density and strength of bone resulting from a gradual decrease in rate of bone formation
27
Fracture
A break in a bone
28
Periosteum
Double-layered connective tissue that covers and nourishes the bone
29
Lamella
A layer, such as of bone matrix is an osteon of compact bone
30
Hematoma
Mass of clotted blood that forms at an injured site
31
Diaphysis
Elongated shaft of a long bone
32
Elastic Cartilage
Cartilage with abundant elastic fibers; more flexible than hyaline cartilage
33
Paget's Disease
Disorder characterized by excessive bone breakdown and abnormal bone formation
34
Trabecula
Any of the fibrous bands extending from the capsule into the interior of an organ; strut or thin plate of bone in spongy bone
35
Appendiular
Relating to the limbs; one of the two major divisions of the body
36
Calcitonin
Hormone released by the thyroid. Lowers blood calcium levels only when present at high levels
37
Congenital
Existing at birth
38
Callus
Localized thickening of skin epidermis resulting from physical trauma; repair tissue formed at a fracture site
39
Pelvis
Basin-shaped bony structure composed of the pelvis girdle, sacrum, and coccyx; funnel-shaped tube within the kidney continuous with the uteter
40
Bone resorption
The removal of osseous tissue; part of the continuous bone remodeling process
41
Sesamoid bones
Short bone embedded in tendons, variable in size and number, many of which influence the action of muscles; largest is the patella
42
Perforating canals
Canals that run at right angles to the long axis of the bone, connecting the vascular and nerve supplies of the periosteum to those of the central canals and medullary cavity; also called Volkmann's canals
43
Endosteum
Connective tissue membrane covering internal bone surfaces
44
Osteoid
Unmineralized bone matrix
45
Medullary cavity
Central cavity of a long bone. Contains yellow or red marrow
46
Osteocyte
Mature Bone cell
47
Central nervous system (CNS)
Brain and spinal cord
48
Fibrocartilage
The most compressible type of cartilage; resistant to stretch. Forms vertebral discs and knee joint cartilages. (The meniscus' of the body)
49
Perichindrium
Fibrous, connective-tissue membrane covering the external surface of cartilaginous structures
50
Epiphysis
The end of a long bone, attached to the shaft
51
A depression, often an articular surface
Fossa
52
# Reverse
Embryonic formation of bone by the replacement of calcified cartilage; most skeletal bones are formed by this process
Endochondral Ossification
53
# Reverse
Loss of blood from the vessels by flow through rupture walls; bleeding
Hemorrhage
54
# Reverse
System of interconnecting canals in the microscopic structure of adult compact bone; unit of bone; also called Haversian system
Osteon
55
# Reverse
Small endocrine glands located on the posterior aspect of the thyroid gland
Parathyroid Gland
56
# Reverse
Plate of hyaline cartilage at he junction of the diaphysis and epiphysis that provides for growth in length of a long bone
Epiphyseal plate
57
# Reverse
Internal layer of skeletal bone. Also called cancellous bone
Spongy Bone
58
# Reverse
Growth accomplished by the addition of new layers onto those previously formed
Appostitional growth
59
# Reverse
The most abundant cartilage type in the body; provides firm support with some pliability
Hyaline Cartilage
60
# Reverse
One of four types of connective tissue- avascular and not innervated
Cartilage
61
# Reverse
The junction of two or more bones
Articulation (joint)
62
# Reverse
Disorder in which bones are inadequately mineralized; soft bones
Osteomalacia
62
# Reverse
Disorder in which bones are inadequately mineralized; soft bones
Osteomalacia
63
# Reverse
The internal layer of spongy bone in flat bones
Dipole
63
# Reverse
The internal layer of spongy bone in flat bones
Dipole
64
# Reverse
Hormone released by the parathyroid glands that regulate blood calcium levels
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
64
# Reverse
Hormone released by the parathyroid glands that regulate blood calcium levels
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
65
# Reverse
The canal in the center of each osteon that contains minute blood vessels and nerve fibers that serve the needs of the osteocytes
Central (Haversian) canal
65
# Reverse
The canal in the center of each osteon that contains minute blood vessels and nerve fibers that serve the needs of the osteocytes
Central (Haversian) canal
66
# Reverse
Incomplete lamellae that lie between intact osteons, filling the gaps between forming osteons, or representing the remnants of an osteon that has been cut through by bone remondling
Interstitial Lamellae
67
# Reverse
Bone-forming cells
Osteoblasts
68
# Reverse
Process involving bone formation and destruction in response to hormonal and mechanical factors
Bone remodeling
68
# Reverse
Process involving bone formation and destruction in response to hormonal and mechanical factors
Bone remodeling
69
# Reverse
Lymphocytes that mediate cellular immunity; include helper, cytotoxic, regulatory, and memory cells. Also called T Lymphocytes
T cells
69
# Reverse
Lymphocytes that mediate cellular immunity; include helper, cytotoxic, regulatory, and memory cells. Also called T Lymphocytes
T cells
70
# Reverse
Bone forming by using hyaline cartilage structures as models for ossification
Cartilage bone (endochondral bone)
70
# Reverse
Bone forming by using hyaline cartilage structures as models for ossification
Cartilage bone (endochondral bone)
71
# Reverse
The process of bone formation; Also called ossification
Osteogenesis
71
# Reverse
The process of bone formation; Also called ossification
Osteogenesis
72
# Reverse
Large cells that resorb or break down bone matrix
Osteoclast
73
# Reverse
Hole or opening in a bone or between body cavities
Foramen
73
# Reverse
Hole or opening in a bone or between body cavities
Foramen
74
# Reverse
A small space, cavity, or depression; lacunae in bone or cartilage are occupied by cells
Lacuna
74
# Reverse
A slender threadlike structure or filament.
Fiber
74
# Reverse
Decreased density and strength of bone resulting from a gradual decrease in rate of bone formation
Osteoporosis
74
# Reverse
A break in a bone
Fracture
74
# Reverse
Double-layered connective tissue that covers and nourishes the bone
Periosteum
74
# Reverse
A layer, such as of bone matrix is an osteon of compact bone
Lamella
74
# Reverse
Mass of clotted blood that forms at an injured site
Hematoma
75
# Reverse
Elongated shaft of a long bone
Diaphysis
75
# Reverse
Cartilage with abundant elastic fibers; more flexible than hyaline cartilage
Elastic Cartilage
75
# Reverse
Disorder characterized by excessive bone breakdown and abnormal bone formation
Paget's Disease
75
# Reverse
Disorder characterized by excessive bone breakdown and abnormal bone formation
Paget's Disease
76
# Reverse
Any of the fibrous bands extending from the capsule into the interior of an organ; strut or thin plate of bone in spongy bone
Trabecula
76
# Reverse
Relating to the limbs; one of the two major divisions of the body
Appendiular
76
# Reverse
Hormone released by the thyroid. Lowers blood calcium levels only when present at high levels
Calcitonin
77
# Reverse
Existing at birth
Congenital
77
# Reverse
Localized thickening of skin epidermis resulting from physical trauma; repair tissue formed at a fracture site
Callus
77
# Reverse
Basin-shaped bony structure composed of the pelvis girdle, sacrum, and coccyx; funnel-shaped tube within the kidney continuous with the uteter
Pelvis
77
# Reverse
The removal of osseous tissue; part of the continuous bone remodeling process
Bone resorption
77
# Reverse
Short bone embedded in tendons, variable in size and number, many of which influence the action of muscles; largest is the patella
Sesamoid bones
77
# Reverse
Short bone embedded in tendons, variable in size and number, many of which influence the action of muscles; largest is the patella
Sesamoid bones
78
# Reverse
Canals that run at right angles to the long axis of the bone, connecting the vascular and nerve supplies of the periosteum to those of the central canals and medullary cavity; also called Volkmann's canals
Perforating canals
78
# Reverse
Connective tissue membrane covering internal bone surfaces
Endosteum
78
# Reverse
Unmineralized bone matrix
Osteoid
78
# Reverse
Central cavity of a long bone. Contains yellow or red marrow
Medullary cavity
78
# Reverse
Mature Bone cell
Osteocyte
78
# Reverse
Brain and spinal cord
Central nervous system (CNS)
78
# Reverse
The most compressible type of cartilage; resistant to stretch. Forms vertebral discs and knee joint cartilages. (The meniscus' of the body)
Fibrocartilage
78
# Reverse
Fibrous, connective-tissue membrane covering the external surface of cartilaginous structures
Perichindrium
78
# Reverse
The end of a long bone, attached to the shaft
Epiphysis
