Anatomy - upper limb

Question 1

What are the two joints in the shoulder girdle?

Answer 1

Glenohumoral

Acromioclavicular

Question 2

What ligaments attach the scapula to the clavicle?

Answer 2

Coracoclavicular

Question 3

Which muscle is in the shoulder girdle?

Answer 3

Biceps muscle

Question 4

What pain does tendonitis in the shoulder girdle present with?

Answer 4

Anterior shoulder pain

Question 5

What are the static stabilizers of the shoulder joint?

Answer 5

The shoulder capsule
The labrum (fibrocartilage)

Question 6

What are the dynamic stabilizers of the the shoulder joint?

Answer 6

The muscles surrounding the shoulder joint

Question 7

Is the subscapularis muscle on the anterior or posterior side of the shoulder?

Answer 7

Anterior

Question 8

Is the infraspinatous muscle on the anterior or posterior side of the shoulder?

Answer 8

Posterior

Question 9

Where do rotator cuff tears normally start?

Answer 9

In supraspnatous (Superior shoulder)

Question 10

What can cause impingement?

Answer 10

Tendonitis
Cuff tear
Subacromial bursitis
Osteophytes from AC joint

Question 11

Are the majority of shoulder dislocations anterior or posterior shoulder dislocations?

Answer 11

Anterior shoulder dislocations

about 99%

Question 12

Where does a Blankart lesion occur?

Answer 12

In the lower part of the labrum

Question 13

What is a blankart lesion?

Answer 13

An injury of the anterior (inferior) glenoid labrum of the shoulder due to anterior shoulder dislocation. When this happens, a pocket at the front of the glenoid forms that allows the humeral head to dislocate into it.

Question 14

Which nerve is most commonly associated with anterior shoulder dislocations?

Answer 14

Axillary nerve

stretched at quadrangular space

Question 15

What is the other name for adhesive capsulitis?

Answer 15

Frozen Shoulder

Question 16

Which nerve supplies the anterior compartment of the upper arm?

Answer 16

Musculocutaneous nerve

Question 17

What does the musculocutanuous nerve supply in the upper limb?

Answer 17

The anterior compartment of the upper arm

The sensation of the lateral forearm

Question 18

What is the most powerful muscle of the arm?

Answer 18

Brachialis muscle

Question 19

Which nerve supplies the triceps muscle?

Answer 19

Radial nerve

Question 20

What nerve supplies the extension of the upper arm?

Answer 20

Radial nerve

Question 21

What can happen to wrist if the radial nerve is injured in humeral shaft fractures?

Answer 21

Wrist drop

Question 22

Which bones make up the elbow?

Answer 22

Radius, ulna, humerous

Question 23

Which joint is the main hinge joint of the elbow?

Answer 23

Humero-ulnar

Question 24

What functions/movement does the radio-capitellar joint do?

Answer 24

Supination & Pronation

Question 25

What is the extensor origin of the elbow?

Answer 25

Lateral Epicondyle | Tennis elbow

Question 26

What is the flexor origin of the elbow?

Answer 26

Medial Epicondyle | Golfer's elbow

Question 27

What risks are associated with a supracondylar fracture?

Answer 27

Risk brachial artery occlusion and median nerve injury (radial and ulnar nerves can also be injured)

Question 28

Which joints facilitate supination and pronation of the forearm?

Answer 28

Proximal and distal radio-ulnar joints

Question 29

What nerve supplies the brachioradialis in the posterior compartment of the forearm?

Answer 29

Radial nerve

Question 30

Which nerve supplies any extensor in the upper limb?

Answer 30

Radial nerve

Question 31

What is Dupuytren's Contracture?

Answer 31

A condition in which there is fixed forward curvature of one or more fingers, caused by the development of a fibrous connection between the finger tendons and the skin of the palm

Question 32

What is Trigger Finger?

Answer 32

A defect in a tendon causing a finger to jerk or snap straight when the hand is extended. If the tendon becomes swollen and inflamed it can 'catch' in the tunnel it runs through (the tendon sheath). This can make it difficult to move the affected finger or thumb and can result in a clicking sensation. (stenosing tenosynovitis)

Question 33

What is stenosing tenosynovitis another name for?

Answer 33

Trigger Finger

Question 34

What muscle causes flexion of the PIP joint?

Answer 34

Flexor digitorum superficialis | FDS --> Flexor PIPJ

Question 35

What muscle causes flexion of the DIP joint?

Answer 35

Flexor digitorum profundis | FDP --> Flexor DIPJ

Question 36

Which tendon causes PIPJ extension?

Answer 36

Central slip entensor tendon

Question 37

Which tendon causes DIPJ extension?

Answer 37

Lateral slips extendsor tendon (converge)

Question 38

What is a boutonniere deformity?

Answer 38

Central slip Extensor tendon rupture or attrition (RA) | Tear in central slip PIP joint in flexion DIP joint in hyperextension

Question 39

What is a swan neck deformity?

Answer 39

PIPJ volar plate rupture or attrition (RA), intrinsic muscle tightness ``` DIP flexion (Bent) PIP in hyperextension ```