Anatomy Vocabulary-01/04/19

Question 1

Skeletal System

Answer 1

Organ system that includes the bones, and the ligaments and cartilages that hold them together.

Question 2

Long Bones

Answer 2

A bone with a long longitudinal axis and expanded ends.

Question 3

Short Bones

Answer 3

A bone with approximately equal length and width.

Question 4

Flat Bones

Answer 4

Bones that are expanded into broad, flat plates.

Question 5

Irregular Bones

Answer 5

Category of bones that come in a variety of shapes, most often connected to other bones.

Question 6

Epiphysis

Answer 6

Either end of a long bone.

Question 7

Articular Cartilage

Answer 7

Hyaline cartilage that covers the ends of bones in synovial joints.

Question 8

Diaphysis

Answer 8

shaft of a long bone.

Question 9

Periosteum

Answer 9

Dense connective tissue covering the surface of a bone.

Question 10

Compact Bone

Answer 10

Dense bone tissue in which cells are organized in osteons without apparent spaces; cortical bone.

Question 11

Spongy Bone

Answer 11

Bone that consists of bars and plates separated by irregular spaces; cancellous bone.

Question 12

Trabecula

Answer 12

Branching bony plate that separates irregular spaces within spongy bone.

Question 13

Medullary Cavity

Answer 13

Cavity containing red or yellow marrow within the diaphysis of a long bone.

Question 14

Endosteum

Answer 14

Tissue lining the medullary cavity in a bone.

Question 15

Marrow

Answer 15

Connective tissue in spaces in bones that includes blood-forming stem cells.

Question 16

Lamellae

Answer 16

Layer of matrix surrounding the central canal of an osteon.

Question 17

Canaliculus

Answer 17

Microscopic canal that connects lacunae of bone tissue.

Question 18

Ossification

Answer 18

Formation of bone tissue.

Question 19

Intramembranous Bones

Answer 19

Bone that forms from membrane-like layers of primitive connective tissue.

Question 20

Osteoblast

Answer 20

Bone-forming cell.

Question 21

Osteocyte

Answer 21

Mature bone cell.

Question 22

Endochondral Bone

Answer 22

Bone that begins as hyaline cartilage that is subsequently replaced by bone tissue.

Question 23

Epiphyseal Plate

Answer 23

Cartilaginous layer between the epiphysis and diaphysis of a long bone that grows, lengthening the bone.

Question 24

Osteoclast

Answer 24

Cell that breaks down bone matrix.

Question 25

Hematopoiesis

Answer 25

Production of blood cells from dividing stem and progenitor cells.

Question 26

Axial Skeleton

Answer 26

The portion of the skeleton that supports and protects the organs of the head, neck, and trunk.

Question 27

Skull

Answer 27

The cranium and facial bones.

Question 28

Cranium

Answer 28

The bony part of the skull that encloses the brain.

Question 29

Facial Bones

Answer 29

The bones that surround the mouth and nose.

Question 30

Hyoid Bones

Answer 30

The bone that supports the tongue and is located in the neck between the lower jaw and the larynx.

Question 31

Vertebral Column

Answer 31

The spinal cord that consists of vertebrae separated by cartilaginous intervertebral discs.

Question 32

Sacrum

Answer 32

The triangular bone in the lower back formed from fused vertebrae.

Question 33

Coccyx

Answer 33

The bone that is attached to the end of the sacrum and is composed of four fused vertebrae.

Question 34

Thoracic Cage

Answer 34

The structure consisting of the ribs, thoracic vertebrae, and sternum that protects the organs of the thoracic cavity.

Question 35

Rib

Answer 35

A series of flat bones that articulate posteriorly with the thoracic vertebrae, enclosing the chest cavity.

Question 36

Pectoral Girdle

Answer 36

Part of the skeleton that supports and attaches the upper limbs.

Question 37

Scapula

Answer 37

The shoulder blades.

Question 38

Carpal

Answer 38

Pertaining to the wrist or any of the individual wrist bones.

Question 39

Metacarpals

Answer 39

Any of the five bones of the hand between the wrist bones and finger ones.

Question 40

Pelvic Girdle

Answer 40

Part of the skeleton to which the lower limbs attach.

Question 41

Pelvis

Answer 41

Basin-shaped structure formed by the sacrum and hip bones.

Question 42

Fontanels

Answer 42

Membranous region between certain developing cranial bones in the skull of a fetus or infant.

Question 43

Intervertebral Discs

Answer 43

Fibrocartilage structure between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae.

Question 44

Ilium

Answer 44

One of the bones making up the hip bone.

Question 45

Fibrous Joints

Answer 45

Two or more bones joined by dense connective tissue.

Question 46

Cartilaginous Joints

Answer 46

Two or more bones joined by cartilage.

Question 47

Synovial Joints

Answer 47

Freely movable joints.

Question 48

Flexion

Answer 48

Movement decreasing the angle between bones at a joint.

Question 49

Extension

Answer 49

Movement increasing the angle between bones at a joint.

Question 50

Abduction

Answer 50

Movement of a body part away from the midline.

Question 51

Adduction

Answer 51

Movement of a body part toward the midline.

Question 52

Rotation

Answer 52

Movement turning a body part on its longitudinal axis.

Question 53

Pronation

Answer 53

Downward or backward rotation of the palm.

Question 54

Supination

Answer 54

Upward or forward rotation of the palm.

Question 55

Everison

Answer 55

Turning the plantar surface of the foot outward, away from the midline.

Question 56

Inversion

Answer 56

Turning the plantar surface of the foot inward, toward the midline.

Question 57

Retraction

Answer 57

Movement of a part toward the back.

Question 58

Protraction

Answer 58

Forward movement of a body part.