Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

MTAP-3-Hematology > ANEMIA > Flashcards

ANEMIA Flashcards

(67 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What type of anemia?

SICKLE CELL DISEASE

A

Normo Normo with increased reticulocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

All aplastic anemia generally exhibit Normo-Normo type, except for ______ which may have a ______ type of anemia

A

Fanconi Anemia = macrocytic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Renal disease is what type of anemia

A

Normo Normo with normal or low reticulocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Inherited aplastic anemia makes up _____% of all aplastic anemia cases

A

15-20%

ACQUIRED APLASTIC ANEMIA is majority (80-85%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

_______Drug most frequently associated in ______ aplastic anemia

A

Chloramphenicol - acquired

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Confirmatory test to detect PNH. This is also known as what disease?

A

Flow cytometry

Aka MARCHIAFAVA-MICHELI syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Apart from fanconi anemia, what are 2 other associated conditions for inherited type of aplastic anemia

A
  1. Scwachman-Bodian-Diamond syndrome

2. Dyskeratosis congenita

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

DAF is also known as

A

CD 55

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Deficiency in complement regulatory proteins is present in what condition? What are these CRP’s?

A

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)

Deficient in DAF/CD-55 and MIRL/CD-59

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

CD-59 is also known as

A

MIRL- Membrane Inhibitor of Reactive lysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

3 general mechanisms of anemia

A
  1. Hemorrhage
  2. Hemolysis
  3. Low production of RBC
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the first consideration when a patient has anemia?

A

Hemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Common site of significant bleeding occurs in the ______

A

Gastrointestinal tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

List the diseases associated with MICROCYTIC, HYPOCHROMIC anemia

A

TAILS

Thaassemia; Anemia of chronic inflammation; IDA; Lead poison; sideroblastic anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Tests for PNH

A
  1. Ham’s acidified serum
  2. Sugar water (sucrose hemolysis) test
  3. Flow cytometry
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Physical abnormalities and cancer susceptibility may be associated with fanconi anemia. List those physical abnormalities

A
  1. Skeletal - thumb malformation, microcephaly, scoliosis
  2. Skin - hyper/hypopigmentation, cafe au lait
  3. Short stature
  4. Abnormality - eye, kidney, genital
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

MICROCYTIC anemia may result from insufficiency of _______ = insufficient erythropoeisis

A

Iron = abnormal iron studies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Acute leukemia results in ______ erythropoeisis

A

Insufficient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Renal disease results in _____ erythropoeisis

A

Insufficient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Early development of MICROCYTIC anemia shows ________; no obvious anemia developed

A

Low iron stores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Most common anemia

A

IDA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The most common pica is called _______; craving for _____

A

Pagophagia; ICE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Most common anemia seen in hospitalized patients

A

ACI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

A cause for IDA is high demand for iron commonly seen among:

A

Pregnancy, adolescence, lactation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
The difference between sideroblast and siderocyte. Since commonly they have iron granules
SideroBLAST = nucleated
26
This type of anemia occurs when there is low serum iron, yet very high iron stores
ACI = sideropenia
27
Acute phase reactants associated with ACI
1. Lactoferrin 2. Ferritin 3. Hepcidin
28
What type of anemia does ACI usually present, given the case is not so advanced
Normo-normo Only when advanced state = MICROCYTIC, hypochromic
29
Hallmark of the anemia that occurs when protoporphyrin production or incorporation of iron into it is prevented
Sideroblastic anemia = RINGED SIDEROBLAST
30
In this anemia, iron becomes trapped in the mitochondria
Sideroblastic anemia (micro,hypo)
31
Possible cause of IDA
1. Menstruation (blood loss) 2. High iron demand 3. Nutritional deficiency 4. GIT malignancy 5. Hookworm
32
Differentiation of MICROCYTIC, hypochromic anemias: Give the iron study results (Serum iron, ferritin, TIBC) in ACI
Serum iron = low Ferritin = high TIBC = low
33
Serum iron = low Ferritin = low TIBC = high This is most likely what condition?
IDA
34
Which 2 conditions have similar iron studies: Serum iron = high Ferritin = high TIBC = normal
Sideroblastic anemia and thalassemia Although for FEP: sideroblastic anemia has mixed result, unlike thalassemia is normal ; other conditions is high
35
Serum iron result in adults ____ in kids _____ with LEAD POISONING
Adults = normal to high Child = normal to low
36
What is the TIBC and ferritin result in patients with lead poisoning, both child and adult?
TIBC = normal Ferritin = normal Note: iron is not affected in lead poisoning, only FEP result is high
37
The most sensitive test for IDA
FERRITIN Note: only IDA has a truly low iron store
38
The first depletion when there is iron deficiency is low _____
Low iron stores (ferritin) = stage 1 IDA
39
In frank IDA, which component is already affected?
Hemoglobin = functional iron depletion
40
In stage 2 IDA, which is affected?
Iron in transit (serum iron becomes low = TIBC will increase )
41
Stage 1 IDA is also known as _____ depletion
Storage iron depletion
42
Lack of intrinsic factor may be due to what conditions (3)
1. Gastrectomy - no stomach to produce IF 2. H. Pylori infection - destroys parietal cell 3. Pernicious anemia - antibodies to parietal cell & IF
43
Renal dialysis may cause deficiency of ___
Folate
44
What is pathognomonic for megaloblastic type of macrocytic, Normochromic anemia
Hypersegmented neutrophils
45
Tapeworm infection (D. Latum) may cause what type of anemia?
Macrocytic, Normochromic anemia (vit b12 deficiency due to competition and intestinal obstruction)
46
Give 3 conditions associated with presence of big RBC (non-megaloblastic)And this increase in cell size is due to ____
Liver disease - high cholesterol in rbc membrane (can’t clear out; no HDL) Chronic alcoholism - directly affects BM, HSC differentiation Bone marrow failure Macrocytosis in non-megaloblastic anemia is due to presence of immature cells (big) and not due to impaired nuclear differentiation
47
Shape of macrocytes present in non-megaloblastic anemia
Round Oval in MEGALOBLASTIC
48
Which among vit b12 and folate does its nutritional value decrease if food is overcooked
Heat label = folate Ex: leafy veggies, liver, orange, beans, beef, fortified cereals, dairy
49
______ may result if pregnant woman is deficient in folate
Neural tube defects (fetal nervous system) = spina bifida
50
Which among VitB12 or folate is most frequent? And why is it infrequent in the other or who may be affected in such cases
Folate deficiency is more common VitB12 may occur in STRICT VEGETARIANS
51
Difference in the blood picture between deficiency in folate and vitamin b12
None. Indistinguishable
52
Which component is important in DNA synthesis?
TTP - Thymidine triphosphate
53
A synthetic form of vitamin b12 found in supplements
CYANOCOBALAMIN
54
What replaces TTP when it is not formed due to deficiency in folate and/or VitB12?
Deoxyuridine triphosphate
55
Why is vitamin b12 important in the successful synthesis of DNA?
Functions to transfer the methyl group (from methyl THF/ Folic acid) to produce TTP
56
3 consequences if DEOXYURIDINE TRIPHOSPHATE replaces TTP
1. Nuclear fragments 2. Cell destruction 3. Impaired cell division
57
Neurological and neuropsychiatric symptoms are seen in ______
Vitamin b12 deficiency
58
CBC picture both for folate and VitB12 deficiency
``` LOW = RBC, Hct, Hb, WBC, PLT HIGH = MCV, MCH ```
59
Total and B1 in folate and vit b12 deficiency is ______
HIGH Also high: serum LACTATE DEHYDOGENASE
60
What cells and other characteristics found in folate/VitB12 deficiency during MANUAL DIFFERENTIAL COUNT
1. Anisocytosis 2. Poikilocytosis = oval macrocytes 3. RBC inclusion 4. Hypersegmented neutrophils
61
Total and indirect biliribin (serum) is a _______ type of test for folate/ vit b12 deficiency
SCREENING
62
Metabolically active form of Vit.B12 is called ____
HoloTc - holotranscobalamin (VitB12+transcobalamin complex)
63
____% of VitB12 is bound to transcobalamin 2
10-30% Note: 75% bound to Transcobalamin 1, 3
64
Minimum number of lobes to be classified as a Hypersegmented neutrophil. This is pathognomonic for?
6 lobes; megaloblastic anemia
65
In folate deficiency, holoTc is _____ (high/low)
LOW - folate is not associated with holoTc (VitB12-transcobalamin complex)
66
Serum homocysteine is HIGH in _____
Both folate and VitB12 deficiency Note: its presence is due to either no source of methyl group since no folate OR no cofactor to stimulate the conversion of homocysteine to methionine
67
What are other possible PBS findings in megaloblastic anemia
Teardrop cell Basophilic stippling Cabot ring NRBC Howell jolly body

MTAP-3-Hematology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions