Anemia Flashcards
(112 cards)
1
Q
inability of blood to supply oxygen to the diff parts of the body
A
anemia
2
Q
formation of blood cells
A
hematopoiesis
3
Q
HSC synonyms
A
Hematopoietic stem cells / hemocytoblasts
4
Q
capable of producing diff types of cells
A
Hematopoietic stem cells
5
Q
Hematopoietic stem cells is capable of producing diff types of ______
A
cells
6
Q
ability of cell to renew on its own
A
pluripotent
7
Q
Fights bacterial infection
A
neutrophil
8
Q
Gives rise to Macrophage
A
monocyte
9
Q
Carries oxygen
A
erythrocytes
10
Q
Fights helminthic infection
A
eosinophil
11
Q
Gives rise to platelets
A
megakaryocytes
12
Q
Forms clots to stop bleeding
A
platelets
13
Q
Release in response to worms and environmental threats
A
basophil
14
Q
acts on allergic rxn and inflammation
A
eosinophil
15
Q
Deficiency in erythrocytes
A
anemia
16
Q
Deficiency in platelet
A
thrombocytopenia
17
Q
Deficiency in neutrophil
A
neutropenia
18
Q
Blood count normal range for WBCs
A
3,500 - 11,000 cells/mcL
19
Q
Blood count normal range for hematocrit
A
34.9%-44.5% in women
38.8%-50% in men
20
Q
Blood count normal range for platelets
A
150,000-450,000/mcL
21
Q
Blood count normal range for RBCs
A
4.3-5.7 million cells/mcL in men
3.9-5.1 million cells/mcL in women
22
Q
Blood count normal range for hemoglobin
A
13-17 g/dL in men
11.5-15.5g/dL in women
23
Q
“penia” means
A
deficient
24
Q
term referring to normal color of red blood
A
normochromic
25
term referring to paler than normal
hypochromic
26
term referring to smaller size
microcytic
27
term referring to larger than normal
macrocytic
28
term referring to large and immature
megaloblastic
29
term referring to increased rate of destruction
hemolysis
30
type of anemia:
Genetic disorder wherein the erythrocytes is shaped like crescent moon
sickle cell
31
type of anemia:
most common type of anemia
iron deficiency
32
type of anemia:
Occurs when the body stops producing enough new blood
aplastic
33
type of anemia:
Inherited blood disorder that causes the blood to have less hemoglobin
Thalassemia
34
type of anemia:
Lack of healthy blood cell caused by a deficiency in Vitamin B12 and folate
vitamin deficiency
35
Forms the nucleus of iron-porphyrin heme which together with globulin chains form hemoglobin
iron
36
iron Forms the nucleus of ________ which together with globulin chains form hemoglobin
iron-porphyrin heme
37
iron Forms the nucleus of iron-porphyrin heme which together with ________ form hemoglobin
globulin chains
38
indication of iron
Treatment or prevention of IDA
39
IDA manifest as _____chromic, ____cytic anemia
hypochromic, microcytic
40
IDA is commonly seen in (4)
(1) infants, (2) children during rapid growth, (3) pregnant and lactating women and (4) CKD patients undergoing dialysis
41
Commonly seen in infants, children during rapid growth, pregnant and lactating women and CKD patients undergoing dialysis
IDA
42
in oral iron therapy, ______ is most efficiently absorbed
Ferrous iron
43
oral iron therapy utilizes iron in the forms of _____, _____, _____
Ferrous sulfate, Ferrous gluconate and Ferrous fumarate
44
About ___% of oral iron given as ferrous salt can be absorbed
25%
45
Patients unable to tolerate large amount of iron may be given (higher/lower) daily dose of iron
lower
46
common ADR of oral iron therapy (5)
* Diarrhea
* Epigastric discomfort
* Abdominal cramps
* Nausea
* Constipation
47
Reserved for patients with
* Iron deficiency who can not tolerate oral iron
* Patients with advance CKD requiring hemodialysis & treatment with erythropoietin
* Various post gastrectomy condition and previous small bowel resection, inflammatory bowel disease
Parenteral Iron
48
Parenteral Iron is reserved for patients with (3)
* Iron deficiency who can not tolerate oral iron
* Patients with advance CKD requiring hemodialysis & treatment with erythropoietin
* Various post gastrectomy condition and previous small bowel resection, inflammatory bowel disease
49
iron therapy that Can produce serious dose dependent toxicity
Parenteral Iron
50
Iron Dextran, Sodium Ferric Gluconate Complex, Iron Sucrose Complex
Parenteral Iron
51
examples of Parenteral Iron
Iron Dextran, Sodium Ferric Gluconate Complex, Iron Sucrose Complex
52
Stable complex or ferric oxyhydroxide and dextran polymer containing 50mg elemental iron/mL of solution
Iron Dextran
53
Given by deep IM or IV infusion
Iron Dextran
54
mode of administration of Iron Dextran
Given by deep IM or IV infusion
55
Ferric carboxymaltose, Ferumoxytol
found under Sodium Ferric Gluconate Complex and Iron Sucrose Complex
56
Colloidal Iron preparation with carbohydrate polymer
Ferric carboxymaltose
57
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle coated with carbohydrate
Ferumoxytol
58
May interfere with MRI
Ferumoxytol
59
method of administration of Sodium Ferric Gluconate Complex and Iron Sucrose Complex
Can only be given by IV route
60
For patients treated chronically parenteral iron – monitor iron storage level to avoid serious toxicity
Sodium Ferric Gluconate Complex and Iron Sucrose Complex
61
Almost exclusive in young children taking iron
Acute Toxicity
62
____ tablets of iron can be lethal in young children
10
63
Children poisoned with oral iron may experience (3)
Necrotizing gastroenteritis with vomiting, abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea
64
to flush unabsorbed pills
Whole bowel Irrigation
65
chelating agent used to remove excess iron or aluminum from the body
Deferoxamine
66
“Hemochromatosis”
Chronic Iron Toxicity
67
Excess iron may be deposited in the heart, liver, pancreas and other organs
Chronic Iron Toxicity
68
Most commonly occur in patients with inherited hemochromatosis
Chronic Iron Toxicity
69
Chronic Iron Toxicity Most commonly occur in patients with inherited __________
hemochromatosis
70
blood draw or venipuncture, it's an important tool for diagnosing many medical conditions
Phlebotomy
71
Iron chelating therapy with parenteral deferoxamine or oral iron chelator is less efficient
Chronic Iron Toxicity
72
in Chronic Iron Toxicity, Iron chelating therapy with parenteral deferoxamine or oral iron chelator is (more/less) efficient
less
73
other name for vitamin B12
Cobalamin
74
serves as a cofactor for several essential biochemical reaction
cobalamin/vit B12
75
Deficiency leads to
* Megaloblastic anemia
* Gastrointestinal symptoms
* Neurologic abnormalities
vitamin B12
76
vitamin B12 deficiency leads to (3)
* Megaloblastic anemia
* Gastrointestinal symptoms
* Neurologic abnormalities
77
Active forms of vitamin B12 in humans
Deoxyadenosylcobalamin and Methylcobalamin
78
vitamin B12 Available for therapeutic use
Cyanocobalamin and Hydroxycobalamin
79
vitamin B12 that needs to be Converted to the active form
Ultimate source of Vit. B12 is from microbial synthesis
80
Ultimate source of Vit. B12 is from microbial synthesis
Cyanocobalamin and Hydroxycobalamin
81
Ultimate source of Cyanocobalamin and Hydroxycobalamin
microbial synthesis
82
vitamin B12 “Extrinsic factor”
Cyanocobalamin and Hydroxycobalamin
83
Vitamin B12 Pharmacokinetics
Average American Diet contains ______ mcg of Vit. B12
* _____ mcg absorbed
* _____ mcg RDA
5 – 30 mcg
1 – 5
2-2.4 mcg
84
Vitamin B12 Pharmacodynamics
what are the 2 essential enzymatic reaction in humans
* Methyltransfer from N5-methyltetrahydrofolate
to homocysteine
* Isomerization of L-Methylamalonyl CoA
85
indication of vit B12
Used to treat or prevent deficiency
86
Manifestation of Vit B12 deficiency
* Megaloblastic, macrocytic anemia
* Often associated mild or moderate leukopenia or thrombocytopenia
* Neurological syndrome
87
Correction of vit. B12 deficiency arrest the progression of neurologic ______ it may not fully reverse neurologic _____
disease; symptoms
88
Vitamin B12 Clinical Pharmacology
measures the absorption & urinary excretion of radioactively labeled vit. B12
Schilling test
89
Vitamin B12 Clinical Pharmacology
Defective secretion of intrinsic factor by the gastric mucosal cell
Pernicious anemia
90
Vitamin B12 parenteral injection is available as ________ or ________
cyanocobalamin or hydroxycyanocobalamin
91
Vitamin B12 parenteral injection initial dose
100 – 1000mcg vit B12 IM daily or every other day for 1 – 2 weeks
92
Vitamin B12 parenteral injection maintenance dose
100 – 1000mcg IM once a month for life
93
__________ form of folic acid is required for essential biochemical reaction that provides precursors for the synthesis of amino acid, purine and DNA
reduced
94
reduced form of folic acid is required for essential biochemical reaction that provides precursors for the synthesis of __________, _______, and _________
amino acid, purine and DNA
95
cause of congenital malformation in newborns
Folate deficiency
96
Folate deficiency causes __________
congenital malformation in newborns
97
folic acid Play an important role in _________ disease
vascular
98
Folic acid undergoes reduction, catalyzed by the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase to give ________
dihydrofolic acid
99
Folic Acid Pharmacokinetics
Average American diet contains ______ mcg of folate daily
* _______ mcg is usually absorbed
* Pregnant women may absorb : ______ mcg daily
500 – 700 mcg
50 – 200 mcg
300 – 400 mcg
100
Folic Acid is excreted in _____ and ______
urine and stool
101
Unaltered folic acid is readily and completely absorbed in the _________
proximal jejunum
102
___________ is readily and completely absorbed in the proximal jejunum
Unaltered folic acid
103
Folic Acid Pharmacodynamic
___________ participate in 1C transfer reaction
Tetrahydrofolate cofactor
104
Folate deficiency results in ___________
megaloblastic anemia
105
Patients with alcohol dependence and patients with liver disease can develop _______
folic acid deficiency
106
Patients with _________ and patients with ________ can develop folic acid deficiency
alcohol dependence and liver disease
107
for Pregnant women and patients with hemolytic anemia
folic acid
108
Patients who require renal dialysis
folic acid
109
supplemented by Long term phenytoin use
folic acid
110
folic acid is supplemented by long term
phenytoin use
111
A dose of ____ folic acid orally daily is sufficient to reverse megaloblastic anemia, restore normal serum folate levels, and replenish body stores of folates in almost all patients
1 mg
112
A dose of 1 mg folic acid orally daily is sufficient to reverse ________ anemia, restore normal serum folate levels, and replenish body stores of folates in almost all patients
megaloblastic
