Anemia

Question 1

causes of anemia

Answer 1

blood loss, decreased/impaired production, hemolysis

Question 2

s/s of mild anemia

Answer 2

usually asymptomatic unless preexisting lung/heart disease - palpitations, DOE, mild fatigue

Question 3

s/s of moderate anemia

Answer 3

palpitations, bounding pulse, dyspnea, fatigue, DOE & rest

Question 4

skin s/s of anemia

Answer 4

pallor, jaundice, cold sensitivity, spoon shaped fingernails

Question 5

GI s/s of anemia

Answer 5

glossitis, anorexia, dark stools

Question 6

CV s/s of anemia

Answer 6

tachycardia, angina, HF, palpitations, dizziness

Question 7

pulmonary s/s of anemia

Answer 7

tachypnea, DOE & rest, SOB, orthopnea

Question 8

neuro s/s of anemia

Answer 8

headache, irritability, impaired thinking, lethargy

Question 9

possible causes of anemia

Answer 9

surgery, trauma, CK/liver disease, GI disease, smoking, alcohol

Question 10

nursing interventions

Answer 10

blood transfusion, O2, dietary, safety, maintain perfusion

Question 11

foods high in iron

Answer 11

red meat, leafy green veggies, whole grains, beans, liver

Question 12

anemic fatigue interventions

Answer 12

space out activities & meals, give time to rest, exercise to prevent deconditioning, assist to prevent falls

Question 13

anemic perfusion interventions

Answer 13

give blood or fluids (based on labs), PRN O2, mon. vitals, hold antihypertensives & anticoags

Question 14

s/s of iron deficiency anemia

Answer 14

pallor, glossitis, pica

Question 14

which anemia has neuro s/s

Answer 14

pernicious

Question 14

what helps absorb iron

Answer 14

vitamin C

Question 15

ferrous sulfate considerations

Answer 15

can cause heartburn & constipation, use a straw so u don’t stain teeth

Question 16

megaloblastic anemia

Answer 16

oversized RBCs - d/t vit B12 or folic acid deficiency

Question 17

pernicious anemia

Answer 17

d/t instrinsic factor deficiency –> vit B12 deficiency

Question 18

pernicious anemia causes

Answer 18

GI malabsorption surgeries/conditions, vegetarians, alcoholics

Question 19

pernicious anemia s/s

Answer 19

anorexia, glossitis, peripheral paresthesia, ataxia, confusion, weakness, confusion

Question 20

pernicious anemia tx

Answer 20

vit B12 - inj, intranasal

Question 21

causes of folic acid deficiency anemia

Answer 21

alcoholism, malabsorption, chronic dialysis

Question 22

s/s of folic acid deficiency anemia

Answer 22

glossitis, NO NEURO

Question 23

triggers of sickling episodes

Answer 23

hypoxia - high altitude, physical/mental stress, infection, dehydration

Question 24

s/s of sickle cell

Answer 24

pale mucus membranes, gray cast, jaundice

Question 25

s/s of sickling episode

Answer 25

severe pain, fever, tenderness, tachycardia

Question 26

potential complications of sickling episodes

Answer 26

organ failure, infection, resp failure, stroke

Question 27

common cause of death w sickle cell

Answer 27

infection - decreased blood flow to spleen

Question 28

pt education for sickle cell

Answer 28

no denver, hydration, infection prevention

Question 29

nursing interventions for sickling episode

Answer 29

PCA pump, rest, DVT prophylaxis, hydroxyurea, IV hydration