Anemia

Question 1

Normal Hgb

Answer 1

12-16

Question 2

Normal Hct

Answer 2

37-54

Question 3

normal TIBC

Answer 3

250-450

Question 4

Normal Iron

Answer 4

50-150

Question 5

Normal MCV

Answer 5

80-100

Question 6

Normal MCH

Answer 6

26-34

Question 7

Normal MCHC

Answer 7

32-36

Question 8

What are the causes of microcytic anemia

Answer 8

Iron deficiency and thalessemias

Question 9

Types of macrocytic anemias

Answer 9

Vitamin b or folate and megaloblastic anemias

Question 10

Normocytic anemias

Answer 10

Chronic disease or hemolysis

Question 11

What are the causes, S/S, Lab values, and Tx of iron deficiency Anemia

Answer 11

Causes: blood loss, low intake, impaired absorption
S/s: Dyspnea, fatigue, hypotension, pallor, dehydration, PICA
Labs: Low hgb, low MCH, Low MCV, low iron, high RDW, low ferritin, high TIBC
Treatment: oral iron which can cause flatus and constipation

Question 12

What is B thalessemia, 2 forms, labs, and management

Answer 12

Decreased production of normal hgb where B chain is reduced or absent
Minor: One copy of B thalessemia
Major: Produces no normal B thalessemia, typically does not survive the first few months of life
Labs: MCV, MCHC, HGB low, decreased alpha/beta production, iron and TIBC normal
Tx: no treatment, severe condition needs lifelong transfusions

Question 13

Folic acid deficiency s/s, labs, and treatment

Answer 13

s/s: glossitis
Labs: elevated MCV, MCH normal, folate decreased
Tx: Po folic acid intake

Question 14

Pernicious anemia s/s, labs, and treatment

Answer 14

S/s: glossitis, palpitations, dizziness, anorexia, positive neuro findings
Labs: Hgb low, MCV increased, anti-IF high , b12 low
Tx: cyanocobalamin

Question 15

Sickle Cell Disease triggers, s/s of Crisis, and treatment
Complication

Answer 15

Triggers: hypoxia, dehydration, stress, infection
Crisis s/s: Aching joint pain, weakness, dyspnea
Treatment: IVF, dilaudid, O2
Complication: Acute chest syndrome: chest pain, tachypnea, cough, pulm crisis

Question 16

Hemolytic anemia labs

Answer 16

Low H and H, low haptoglobin, elevated retic, elevated LDH, positive schistocytes

Question 17

What are the microcytic anemias

Answer 17

Iron deficiency, and thalessemias

Question 18

Macrocytic anemias

Answer 18

B12 folate deficiency, alcoholism, liver failure

Question 19

Normocytic anemias

Answer 19

Chronic disease, sickle cell, blood loss, and hemolysis

Question 20

What is the most common type of anemia

Answer 20

Iron deficiency

Question 21

Causes of iron deficiency anemia

Answer 21

Blood loss and low iron intake

Question 22

PICA

Answer 22

Unusual food cravings such as ice or clay and is seen in iron deficiency anemia

Question 23

Who typically has thalessemias

Answer 23

Asians with anemia think thalessemia

Question 24

S/s of thalessemia

Answer 24

Generally well appearing

Question 25

Heterozygous vs Homozygous beta thalessemias

Answer 25

Heterozygous is Minor Homozygous is Major

Question 26

Who is most likely to have folic acid deficiency anemia

Answer 26

Homeless, eating disorders, substance abuse

Question 27

S/S of folic acid deficiency

Answer 27

Glossitis Aphthous ulcers NO NEURO SIGNS

Question 28

What are people with b12 deficiency lacking

Answer 28

Intrinsic factor

Question 29

How does the s/s of b12 differ from folate

Answer 29

B12 has NEURO symptoms: Parastesias, positive Romberg, postive babinski

Question 30

How long does a B12 deficiency patient need cyanocobalamin?

Answer 30

Life long

Question 31

What is a VWF patient lacking that makes them anemic

Answer 31

VWF and factor VIII

Question 32

Treatment of VWF

Answer 32

Desmopressin, VWF and factor VIII concentrate

Question 33

Where do neoplasms initiate in leukemias

Answer 33

Hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow

Question 34

What is the most acute type of leukemia

Answer 34

AML

Question 35

Pancytopenia with circulation blasts is a hallmark of which leukemia/

Answer 35

ALL

Question 36

What is the mot common leukemia in adults

Answer 36

CLL

Question 37

Philadelphia chromosome is the hallmark of which leukemia

Answer 37

CML

Question 38

What is 5 FU

Answer 38

Chemo

Question 39

What medication can decrease the risk of TLS in chemo

Answer 39

Allopurinol

Question 40

Differ stage 1-4 in lymphoma staging

Answer 40

I: a single lymph II: Multiple lymph on one side of the diaphragm III: Spleen and lymph on both sides of the diaphragm IV: Liver or bone marrow

Question 41

Differentiate Non-Hodgkin’s and Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Answer 41

NH: Lymphadenopathy more common in 50 years old H: more common in young males, cervical adenopathy that spreads in predictable pattern, Reed stern berg cells

Question 42

Non-Hodgkin and Hodgkin lymphoma tx

Answer 42

Radiation and chemo BMT

Question 43

What is Idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura

Answer 43

Autoimmune destruction of platelets, usually chronic

Question 44

What are the first symptoms of ITP in adults

Answer 44

Kidney and gum bleeding

Question 45

Treatment of ITP

Answer 45

Not necessary until Plts< 20,000 High dose corticosteroids IVIG PLT transfusion

Question 46

What should people with folate deficiencies avoid consuming

Answer 46

Red wine or alcohol

Question 47

DIC treatment

Answer 47

Treat underlying condition Platelets, FFP, cryo