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ANESTEHSIA MACHINE Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary function of the Pipeline Check Valve?

A

To automatically switch between the pipeline supply and the E-cylinder based on pressure levels

This ensures a continuous supply of oxygen, critical for patient safety during anesthesia.

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2
Q

What does the Hanger Yoke Valve incorporate to prevent incorrect gas attachment?

A

Pin Index Safety System (PISS)

PISS matches specific pin configurations for each type of medical gas.

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3
Q

How does the Bourdon Gauge function?

A

It contains a curved tube that straightens out when pressure is applied, indicating pressure readings on a dial

It’s crucial for monitoring gas pressure in cylinders.

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4
Q

What is the primary function of the first stage oxygen pressure regulator?

A

To reduce high pressure from the cylinder to a more manageable intermediate pressure

This prevents damage to subsequent components of the anesthesia machine.

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5
Q

What is the typical output pressure of the second stage oxygen pressure regulator?

A

Around 16 psi for oxygen

It maintains stable output pressure for safe patient use.

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6
Q

What is the flow rate provided by the Oxygen Flush Valve?

A

Typically around 35-75 liters per minute

This allows for rapid oxygenation during critical situations.

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7
Q

What does the Oxygen Failure Cutoff Valve prevent?

A

The delivery of a hypoxic gas mixture to the patient

It activates when oxygen pressure falls below a certain threshold.

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8
Q

What is the function of the Inspiratory One-Way Valve?

A

Allows gas flow only towards the patient and prevents exhaled gas re-entry

This ensures patients breathe fresh gas with each inhalation.

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9
Q

What is the purpose of the Expiratory One-Way Valve?

A

Allows exhaled gases to exit and prevents inhalation of those gases

This is crucial for maintaining adequate oxygenation.

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10
Q

What does the Adjustable Pressure Limiting (APL) Valve regulate?

A

The pressure within the breathing circuit by adjusting resistance to gas flow

It helps prevent barotrauma and facilitates manual ventilation.

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11
Q

What is the primary function of flowmeters in anesthesia machines?

A

To measure and display the flow rate of gases being delivered to the patient

They allow for precise control of gas flow rates.

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12
Q

How are flow control valves operated?

A

They are adjusted manually to increase or decrease the flow of each gas

Proper adjustment is critical for maintaining appropriate gas concentrations.

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13
Q

Why are flowmeters typically arranged with the oxygen flowmeter downstream?

A

To prevent dilution of oxygen and minimize the risk of delivering a hypoxic mixture

This arrangement ensures safety during anesthesia delivery.

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14
Q

What is the primary purpose of the Link-25 Proportioning System?

A

To prevent a mixture of oxygen and nitrous oxide from becoming hypoxic

It mechanically links the flow control valves of both gases.

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15
Q

What does the Oxygen Ratio Monitor Control (ORMC) do?

A

Continuously monitors the ratio of oxygen to other gases in the anesthesia machine’s gas output

It automatically adjusts flow if the oxygen ratio falls below a safe threshold.

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16
Q

What does the Oxygen Ratio Monitor Control (ORMC) continuously monitor?

A

The ratio of oxygen to other gases in the anesthesia machine’s gas output.

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17
Q

What happens if the ratio of oxygen falls below a safe threshold in the ORMC?

A

The ORMC automatically adjusts the flow of other gases or triggers an alarm.

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18
Q

What is the primary safety implication of the ORMC?

A

Preventing hypoxia by ensuring a minimum concentration of oxygen in the gas mixture.

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19
Q

What is the oxygen volume fraction of room air?

A

0.21.

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20
Q

What is the oxygen volume fraction of pure oxygen?

A

1.0.

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21
Q

What is the oxygen volume fraction of nitrous oxide?

A

0.

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22
Q

What factors affect the overall FiO2?

A
  • Oxygen content in each gas
  • Flow rates of each gas.
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23
Q

What is the function of a variable bypass vaporizer?

A

Turns liquid anesthetic agents into vapor and adds them to the fresh gas flow.

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24
Q

What does the Tec-6 vaporizer specifically vaporize?

A

Desflurane.

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25
How does the Tec-6 vaporizer maintain desflurane in a vapor state?
By heating desflurane and operating under pressurized conditions.
26
What is the role of the CO2 absorber canister in the Circle System?
Absorb carbon dioxide from exhaled gases before they are recirculated.
27
What are the advantages of the Circle System?
* Conservation of heat and moisture * Economical * Control of anesthetic depth * Low resistance to breathing * Reduction of operating room pollution * Monitoring and safety * Humidification and filtration.
28
What is a disadvantage of the Circle System regarding CO2?
Risk of CO2 rebreathing if the CO2 absorbent is exhausted.
29
What characterizes a semi-open circle system?
Simple design with minimal resistance to breathing and requires high flow of fresh gases.
30
In a semi-closed circle system, what happens to some exhaled gases?
They are rebreathed after CO2 removal.
31
What defines a closed circle system?
All exhaled gases are rebreathed after CO2 is removed.
32
What is the Fresh Gas Inlet (FGI) responsible for?
Delivering a controlled mixture of gases to the patient.
33
What is the primary role of the inspiratory valve in the Circle System?
Allows fresh gas and reconditioned exhaled gas to flow towards the patient during inhalation.
34
What is the function of the expiratory valve in the Circle System?
Allows exhaled gases to leave the breathing circuit and pass through the CO2 absorber.
35
Fill in the blank: The Circle System is designed to ensure _______ flow of gases.
unidirectional.
36
True or False: The Circle System reduces the risk of contamination and infection.
False.
37
What is the function of the inspiratory valve in the anesthesia machine?
It allows fresh gas to flow into the breathing circuit during inhalation and prevents the backflow of gas into the machine. ## Footnote Failure of the inspiratory valve to open can lead to hypoxia, while failure to close can cause rebreathing of carbon dioxide.
38
What does the expiratory valve do in the breathing circuit?
It allows exhaled gases to leave the breathing circuit and prevents fresh gas from escaping during inspiration. ## Footnote Failure to open can lead to pressure buildup, while failure to close can reduce oxygen availability.
39
What is the primary role of both the inspiratory and expiratory valves?
They ensure unidirectional flow of gases within the circle system and prevent the rebreathing of exhaled gases. ## Footnote This is crucial for patient safety.
40
How do the inspiratory and expiratory valves operate mechanically?
They operate based on pressure changes in the breathing circuit as the patient breathes. ## Footnote The valves synchronize with the patient’s respiratory cycle.
41
What can malfunctioning valves lead to in the breathing circuit?
Rebreathing of CO2 or inadequate delivery of fresh gases. ## Footnote Regular inspection and maintenance are essential to ensure proper function.
42
What are breathing tubes in the anesthesia circle system?
They are conduits through which anesthetic gases are delivered to and removed from the patient. ## Footnote They consist of two primary limbs: the Inspiratory Limb and the Expiratory Limb.
43
What is the function of the inspiratory limb in the breathing tubes?
It carries the fresh gas mixture from the anesthesia machine to the patient. ## Footnote This includes oxygen, air, nitrous oxide, and volatile anesthetics.
44
What is the main risk associated with breathing tubes?
They can harbor contaminants and require thorough cleaning or replacement between patients. ## Footnote This is important to reduce the risk of cross-contamination.
45
What is the Y-Piece in the anesthesia circle system?
A Y-shaped connector at the junction of the inspiratory and expiratory limbs. ## Footnote It directs inhaled gases to the patient and exhaled gases back to the machine.
46
How does the Pressure Relief Valve (PRV) function?
It controls the pressure within the breathing circuit and prevents barotrauma by venting excess gases. ## Footnote It can be manually adjusted by the anesthesia provider.
47
What is the purpose of the reservoir bag in the anesthesia system?
It serves as a reservoir of gases for the patient and allows for manual ventilation. ## Footnote It also provides visual feedback on the patient's respiratory pattern.
48
What is the primary function of the CO2 Absorber Canister?
To absorb CO2 from the patient’s exhaled gases before they are recirculated back to the patient. ## Footnote This prevents rebreathing of CO2, which can lead to hypercapnia.
49
What are the main components of soda lime?
Calcium hydroxide, water, and a small amount of sodium or potassium hydroxide. ## Footnote It is the most commonly used CO2 absorbent in anesthesia practice.
50
What distinguishes Amsorb Plus from soda lime?
Amsorb Plus does not contain strong bases and produces fewer toxic byproducts. ## Footnote It is safer, especially in low-flow anesthesia.
51
What is a key disadvantage of Baralyme?
It can produce high levels of carbon monoxide when used with volatile anesthetics. ## Footnote This has led to its decline in use.
52
What type of absorbers are lithium hydroxide absorbers?
They are not commonly used in modern anesthesia machines but can be found in portable or military-grade units. ## Footnote They are effective at absorbing CO2 but are generally more expensive.
53
What is the primary function of the Scavenging System in anesthesia?
To collect and remove excess anesthetic gases and vapors from the operating room ## Footnote This prevents the accumulation of these gases in the environment.
54
Where is the Scavenging System typically connected?
To the anesthesia machine, specifically to the pressure relief valve or the expiratory limb ## Footnote This connection is crucial for effective gas removal.
55
What are the two main types of scavenging systems?
* Active scavenging systems * Passive scavenging systems
56
How do active scavenging systems function?
They use a vacuum source to actively draw gases out of the circle system
57
What is the role of passive scavenging systems?
They rely on the flow of gases out of the system by gravity or the patient's exhalation
58
What components are included in a scavenging system?
* Interfaces * Tubing * Collection assemblies
59
What is a critical clinical consideration when using a scavenging system?
Ensuring a secure and proper connection to the anesthesia machine
60
Why is regular monitoring and maintenance of the scavenging system important?
To ensure that the system functions properly and efficiently removes waste gases
61
What must healthcare workers comply with regarding waste anesthetic gas disposal?
Safety standards and guidelines
62
What is the first step in the flow of gas through the circle system?
Fresh gas flow from the anesthesia machine
63
What does the Y-piece connect to during gas flow to the patient?
The patient's endotracheal tube or mask
64
What does the carbon dioxide absorber do?
Chemically removes carbon dioxide from exhaled gas
65
What is the function of unidirectional valves in the circle system?
To ensure gas flows in one direction only
66
What is the purpose of the reservoir bag in the circle system?
To accommodate fluctuations in gas volume during the breathing cycle
67
What controls the pressure within the anesthesia system?
The Adjustable Pressure-Limiting (APL) valve
68
Fill in the blank: The cleaned gas is mixed with fresh gas from the inlet before _______.
[being reused]

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