Anesthesia & Analgesia

Question 1

ASA Classifications

Answer 1

1 - normal healthy patient (OHE, neuter)
2 - Mild system disease (orthopedic injury, obesity, skin tumors)
3 - One or more moderate disease processes (renal disease, diabetes, fever, anemia)
4 - Severe systemic disease - threat to life (severe dehydration, hypovolemia, respiratory compromise, shock)
5 - Will not survive without surgery (GDV, severe trauma, severe hemorrhage, extreme cardiogenic shock)

Question 2

Carrier Gases

Answer 2

Oxygen and nitrous oxide

Question 3

ETCO2 normal

Answer 3

35-55mmHg, 30-35mmHg in ICP

Question 4

Indications for mechanical ventilation

Answer 4

Perianesthetic hypercapnia
Improve alveolar ventilation
Certain surgical procedures - thoracotomies, DH repairs, procedures involving the eye (use of neuromuscular blocking agents)

Question 5

Anticholinergics

Answer 5

Works on muscarinic receptors in GI tract, CNS, salivary glands, SA &AV nodes
Counteracts parasympathetic system
Can cause tachycardia, arrythmias, bronchodilation, dry secretions, mydriasis, decreased GI motility
Atropine and Glyco

Question 6

Atropine

Answer 6

Quick onset
Crosses BBB and BPB
Can cause tachycardia, arrythmias
No good in pregnant animals
Mydraisis

Question 7

Glyco

Answer 7

Does not cross BBB or BPB - good for pregnancy
Less likely to cause tachycardia like atropine

Question 8

Phenothiazines

Answer 8

Block dopamine receptors in CNS
Mild ventilation and respiratory effects –> potent CV effects
Vasodilation alpha 1 antagonist (decrease preload and SVR) = hypotension
MDR-1 gene = longer effects
Acepromazine

Question 9

Benzodiazapines

Answer 9

Enhancing the release of GABA
Minimal effect on CV & respiratory systems
Seizure control, anxiolysis, skeletal muscle relaxation, amnesia
Diazepam & Midazolam & Alprazolam

Question 10

Midazolam

Answer 10

SQ/IM/IV
water soluble
can mix with other drugs

Question 11

Diazepam

Answer 11

IV only
adhere to plastic
light sensitive