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Jane (and Margie)'s Veterinary Dentistry export questions > Anesthesia analgesia deck > Flashcards

Anesthesia analgesia deck Flashcards

1
Q

Who has a higher basal metabolic rate

A

Small dogs (need more drugs)

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2
Q

What age of animal is most sensitive to drugs

A

Young and older

3month-12 months are the least sensitive

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3
Q

List body compartments based on tissue perfusion? Highest to lowest

A

Vessel Rich:
Brain,kidney,liver,heart

Intermediate:muscle, skin

Fat: adipose tissue

Vessel poor: residual tissue

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4
Q

Biotransformation typically happen where?

A

Liver

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5
Q

Excretion typically happens?

A

Kidneys

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6
Q

How are inhalants excreted

A

Primarily thourght exhalation and small amt through the feces/urine/

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7
Q

Carbon monoxide is produced highest in what 2 inhalants

A

Desflurane and Iso

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8
Q

Why is seve nephrotoxic

A

Causes the greatest increase in the anesthestic temp. Degrading to a nephrotoxic vinyl ether… rarely happens in less the soda lime has been desiccated

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9
Q

Aninoglycosides can cause what side effect with some drug interactions

A

Neuromuscular blockade

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10
Q

Hyperthyroid has a higher or lower metabolic rate

A

Higher

Needs more drugs

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11
Q

MAC

A

Minimum Alveolar Concentration

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12
Q

MIC

A

Minimum inhibitory concentration

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13
Q

Stages of anesthesia

A

1: stage of voluntary movement
2: stage of delirium

3: surgical stage (4 planes)
4: CNS extremely depressed resp cease

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14
Q

ASA

A

American Society of Anesthesiologist

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15
Q

List the catagories of physical status

A

Stage 1: normal healthy patient (spay/neuter)
Stage 2 mild systemic disease (fracture wo shock, tumor removal)

Stage 3 severe systemic disease (anemic, fever, dehydrated)

Stage 4 severe systemic disease w constant threat to life ( uremia, anemia/ hypovolemia, crdiac decomp)

Stage 5 not expected to survive 24 hr ( extreme shock/ dehydration, terminal malignancy, severe trauma)

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16
Q

How often should a patient be checked

A

5 min

10 min recorded

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17
Q

Vessel rich tissues

A

Liver, kidney, brain, heart

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18
Q

Anesthetic categories

A

General: Induces a state of unconsciousness and varying amount of analgesia, amnesia, muscle relaxation, and loss of reflexes (sensory and autonomic) and is achieved by IV or inhalation
Regional: local. blocks pain sensations in specific areas of the body without loss of consciousness
Balanced: combination of drugs to induces anesthesia with each used for its specific effect.

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19
Q

Types of anesthesia

A

Inhalation, injectable, oral/rectal, local, hypnosis, acupuncture, hypothermia, TENS, electronarcosis

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20
Q

When was ether first discovered

A

1540

21
Q

When was what was the first animal anesthestic

A

Nitrous oxide

22
Q

ACVA

A

American College of Veterinary Anesthesiologist

Late 1960 early 1970

23
Q

ASVA

A

American Society of Veterinary Anesthesia

24
Q

AVMA

A

American Veterinary MEdical Association

25
Q

ECVA

A

European College of Veterinary Anesthesiologist

26
Q

Analgesia

A

Freedom from or absence of pain

27
Q

Tranquilization vs sedation

A

Tranq: behavioral change, anxiety reduced, still aware of surrounding

Sedation: central depression w/ drowsiness/ unaware of surroundings but responsive to pain

28
Q

Narcosis

A

Drug induced state where patient can’t be easily aroused

29
Q

Local anesthesia

A

Loss of sensation in a circumscribed body area

30
Q

Regional analgesia/ anesthesia

A

Insensibility in a larger but limited body area

Paralumbar nerve blockade

31
Q

Stages of Anesthesia

A

I - amnesia/analgesia
II - Delirium/ excitement
III - surgical anesthesia (4 phases)
IV - overdose

32
Q

ASA Status assignment: Patient physical status classification

  • used to assess risk of anesthesia before anesthetizing an animal; based on signalment, history, physical exam, & lab data.
A

Class I : normal, healthy patient; no systemic dz

Class II : mild compensated systemic dz

Class III : serious systemic dz. stable vital signs

Class IV : serious systemic dz, decompensated

Class V : moribund, requires intensive life support;

    patient not expected to live more than 24 

    hrs w/ or w/o surgery
33
Q

Small animal Oxygen flow rates (Circle)

A
  • Induction 100-200 ml/kg/min
  • Maintenance: 40-60 ml/kg/min
  • Minimum = 0.5 L/min
34
Q

What is this graph in anesthesia and what are the letters depicting

A

Capnograph
AB baseline

BC exhalation

D point of ETco2

DE inspiration

35
Q

Capnograph

A

a device that measures expired CO2 levels by IR spectrometry

36
Q

Anticholinergics include which drugs

A

Atropine

Glycopyrrolate

Scopolamine

37
Q

Acepromazine, Chlorpromazine, promazine

are what type of drugs

A

phenothiazides Major tranquilizers

high first pass metabolism from oral absorption

good absorption other routes

hepatic metabolism and urinary excretion

No antagonist

38
Q

Diazepam, Midazolam, , Zolezapam are all what class of drugs?

A

benzodizaepines

39
Q

Xylazine, detomidine, medetomidine, romifidine, dexmedetomidine

A

a2 agonist

sedation and analgesia can get rare aggression

hepatic metabolism

dec release of NE

inc vagal tone, muscle relaxation, local anesthetic with epidural

40
Q

Mechanism of action of alpha 2 agonist

A

CNS depression by stimulating presynaptic alpha 2 adrenoreceptors in the CNS and peripheral, decreases Norepi, net result is a decrease in sympathetic outflow and decreases in circulating catecholamines and other stress related substances

41
Q

Where are the alpha 2 receptors related

A

Dorsal horn of the spinal cord

42
Q

Actions of opioids

A

Analgesia
Euphoria

Respiratory depression

Depression of cough

Miosis

Stimulates emesis

Constipation

Hypotension (large dosis)

Histamine release

43
Q

Morphine

Meperidine

Oxymorphone

Fentanyl

Butorphanol

Buprenorphine

What class and score ?

A

Opioids

Morphine 1

Meperidine .5

Oxy 5-10

Fentanyl 100

Butorphanol 2-5

Buprenorphine 3-5

44
Q

Pentazocine, butorphanol, buprenorphine antagonize the effects of which other opioids

A

Morphine, meperidine, oxymorphone, fentanyl

45
Q

Neuroleptanalgesia

A

profound state of sedation & analgesia induced by simultaneaous admin of opioid & tranquilizer

dexmedetomidine and butorphanol

46
Q

Halothane Side Effects

A

H alothane
H epatitis : Cumulative over years

H yperthermia : Malignant

H eart Arrthymias : Increased Catecholamine effects

trifluoroacetic acid

Ions fluoride, bromides and chlorides

47
Q

Isoflurane Side Effects

A

Concentration dependent decreases in BP due to decreased peripheral resistance, decrease in alveolar ventilation, relaxes smooth muscle and not recommended for labor and delivery, increases ICP

48
Q

Recommend O2 flow rates for closed systems, semiclosed systems, and Bains system

A

Closed system 2-3ml/lb/min o2

Semi-closed system 5-20 ml/lb/min o2

Gains 100-150ml/lb/min o2

49
Q

Rebreathing bag sizes by body weight in pounds

A

15 40 120<300= 5L

Jane (and Margie)'s Veterinary Dentistry export questions (17 decks)

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