Anesthesia analgesia deck

Question 1

Who has a higher basal metabolic rate

Answer 1

Small dogs (need more drugs)

Question 2

What age of animal is most sensitive to drugs

Answer 2

Young and older

3month-12 months are the least sensitive

Question 3

List body compartments based on tissue perfusion? Highest to lowest

Answer 3

Vessel Rich:
Brain,kidney,liver,heart

Intermediate:muscle, skin

Fat: adipose tissue

Vessel poor: residual tissue

Question 4

Biotransformation typically happen where?

Answer 4

Liver

Question 5

Excretion typically happens?

Answer 5

Kidneys

Question 6

How are inhalants excreted

Answer 6

Primarily thourght exhalation and small amt through the feces/urine/

Question 7

Carbon monoxide is produced highest in what 2 inhalants

Answer 7

Desflurane and Iso

Question 8

Why is seve nephrotoxic

Answer 8

Causes the greatest increase in the anesthestic temp. Degrading to a nephrotoxic vinyl ether… rarely happens in less the soda lime has been desiccated

Question 9

Aninoglycosides can cause what side effect with some drug interactions

Answer 9

Neuromuscular blockade

Question 10

Hyperthyroid has a higher or lower metabolic rate

Answer 10

Higher

Needs more drugs

Question 11

MAC

Answer 11

Minimum Alveolar Concentration

Question 12

MIC

Answer 12

Minimum inhibitory concentration

Question 13

Stages of anesthesia

Answer 13

1: stage of voluntary movement
2: stage of delirium

3: surgical stage (4 planes)
4: CNS extremely depressed resp cease

Question 14

ASA

Answer 14

American Society of Anesthesiologist

Question 15

List the catagories of physical status

Answer 15

Stage 1: normal healthy patient (spay/neuter)
Stage 2 mild systemic disease (fracture wo shock, tumor removal)

Stage 3 severe systemic disease (anemic, fever, dehydrated)

Stage 4 severe systemic disease w constant threat to life ( uremia, anemia/ hypovolemia, crdiac decomp)

Stage 5 not expected to survive 24 hr ( extreme shock/ dehydration, terminal malignancy, severe trauma)

Question 16

How often should a patient be checked

Answer 16

5 min

10 min recorded

Question 17

Vessel rich tissues

Answer 17

Liver, kidney, brain, heart

Question 18

Anesthetic categories

Answer 18

General: Induces a state of unconsciousness and varying amount of analgesia, amnesia, muscle relaxation, and loss of reflexes (sensory and autonomic) and is achieved by IV or inhalation
Regional: local. blocks pain sensations in specific areas of the body without loss of consciousness
Balanced: combination of drugs to induces anesthesia with each used for its specific effect.

Question 19

Types of anesthesia

Answer 19

Inhalation, injectable, oral/rectal, local, hypnosis, acupuncture, hypothermia, TENS, electronarcosis

Question 20

When was ether first discovered

Answer 20

1540

Question 21

When was what was the first animal anesthestic

Answer 21

Nitrous oxide

Question 22

ACVA

Answer 22

American College of Veterinary Anesthesiologist

Late 1960 early 1970

Question 23

ASVA

Answer 23

American Society of Veterinary Anesthesia

Question 24

AVMA

Answer 24

American Veterinary MEdical Association

Question 25

ECVA

Answer 25

European College of Veterinary Anesthesiologist 

Question 26

Analgesia

Answer 26

Freedom from or absence of pain

Question 27

Tranquilization vs sedation

Answer 27

Tranq: behavioral change, anxiety reduced, still aware of surrounding Sedation: central depression w/ drowsiness/ unaware of surroundings but responsive to pain

Question 28

Narcosis 

Answer 28

Drug induced state where patient can’t be easily aroused 

Question 29

Local anesthesia

Answer 29

Loss of sensation in a circumscribed body area

Question 30

Regional analgesia/ anesthesia

Answer 30

Insensibility in a larger but limited body area Paralumbar nerve blockade

Question 31

Stages of Anesthesia

Answer 31

I - amnesia/analgesia II - Delirium/ excitement III - surgical anesthesia (4 phases) IV - overdose

Question 32

ASA Status assignment: Patient physical status classification - used to assess risk of anesthesia before anesthetizing an animal; based on signalment, history, physical exam, & lab data.

Answer 32

Class I : normal, healthy patient; no systemic dz Class II : mild compensated systemic dz Class III : serious systemic dz. stable vital signs Class IV : serious systemic dz, decompensated Class V : moribund, requires intensive life support;             patient not expected to live more than 24             hrs w/ or w/o surgery

Question 33

Small animal Oxygen flow rates (Circle)

Answer 33

* Induction 100-200 ml/kg/min * Maintenance: 40-60 ml/kg/min * Minimum = 0.5 L/min

Question 34

What is this graph in anesthesia and what are the letters depicting

Answer 34

Capnograph AB baseline BC exhalation D point of ETco2 DE inspiration

Question 35

Capnograph

Answer 35

a device that measures expired CO2 levels by IR spectrometry 

Question 36

Anticholinergics include which drugs

Answer 36

Atropine Glycopyrrolate Scopolamine

Question 37

Acepromazine, Chlorpromazine, promazine are what type of drugs

Answer 37

phenothiazides Major tranquilizers high first pass metabolism from oral absorption good absorption other routes hepatic metabolism and urinary excretion No antagonist

Question 38

Diazepam, Midazolam, , Zolezapam are all what class of drugs?

Answer 38

benzodizaepines

Question 39

Xylazine, detomidine, medetomidine, romifidine, dexmedetomidine

Answer 39

a2 agonist sedation and analgesia can get rare aggression hepatic metabolism dec release of NE inc vagal tone, muscle relaxation, local anesthetic with epidural

Question 40

Mechanism of action of alpha 2 agonist

Answer 40

CNS depression by stimulating presynaptic alpha 2 adrenoreceptors in the CNS and peripheral, decreases Norepi, net result is a decrease in sympathetic outflow and decreases in circulating catecholamines and other stress related substances

Question 41

Where are the alpha 2 receptors related

Answer 41

Dorsal horn of the spinal cord

Question 42

Actions of opioids

Answer 42

Analgesia Euphoria Respiratory depression Depression of cough Miosis Stimulates emesis Constipation Hypotension (large dosis) Histamine release

Question 43

Morphine Meperidine Oxymorphone Fentanyl Butorphanol Buprenorphine What class and score ?

Answer 43

Opioids Morphine 1 Meperidine .5 Oxy 5-10 Fentanyl 100 Butorphanol 2-5 Buprenorphine 3-5

Question 44

Pentazocine, butorphanol, buprenorphine antagonize the effects of which other opioids

Answer 44

Morphine, meperidine, oxymorphone, fentanyl

Question 45

Neuroleptanalgesia

Answer 45

profound state of sedation & analgesia induced by simultaneaous admin of opioid & tranquilizer dexmedetomidine and butorphanol

Question 46

Halothane Side Effects

Answer 46

H alothane H epatitis : Cumulative over years H yperthermia : Malignant H eart Arrthymias : Increased Catecholamine effects trifluoroacetic acid Ions fluoride, bromides and chlorides

Question 47

Isoflurane Side Effects

Answer 47

Concentration dependent decreases in BP due to decreased peripheral resistance, decrease in alveolar ventilation, relaxes smooth muscle and not recommended for labor and delivery, increases ICP

Question 48

Recommend O2 flow rates for closed systems, semiclosed systems, and Bains system

Answer 48

Closed system 2-3ml/lb/min o2 Semi-closed system 5-20 ml/lb/min o2 Gains 100-150ml/lb/min o2

Question 49

Rebreathing bag sizes by body weight in pounds

Answer 49

15 40 120<300= 5L