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Jane (and Margie)'s Veterinary Dentistry export questions > Dental materials properties and management powers and wataha > Flashcards

Dental materials properties and management powers and wataha Flashcards

1
Q

Diabetis and perio

A

Increases the risk of periodontal disease

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2
Q

flourosis

A

high levels of fluoride consumed from drinking water during tooth formation & calcification causing stain

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3
Q

Two basic kinds of restorations

A
  1. Intracoronal prepared cavity in the tooth structure internal components
  2. Extracoronal structure of the tooth on the outside (crown) often indirect fabrication but can be direct as well.
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4
Q

edentulism

A

All teeth missing

Some missing would be partial edentulism

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5
Q

Dental Bridge

A
  1. Also called fixed partial denture
    replaces missing teeth, has retainer at each end. Retainers are supported by teeth called abutments. Replacement teeth called pontics
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6
Q

Maryland bridge

A

replaces anterior or posterior tooth and is cemented directly to the adjacent or abutting teeth, also called resin bonded negating the need to place crown on the abutment teeth

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7
Q

considerations for removable partial dentures

A
  • Adequate root structure of remaining teeth
  • Health
  • Age of patient
  • Periodontal health
  • Ability to care for product and clean well
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8
Q

Caries is caused by:

A
  • food debris.
  • materia alba.
  • bacterial plaque. Correct
  • salivary glycoproteins.
  • acidic foodstuff.
  • See questions on evolve elsiever
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9
Q

Dimensional change of a material

A

The percentage of shrinkage or expansion of a material in dentistry related to heating and cooling or thermal dimensional change

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10
Q

Linear thermal coefficient of expansion of a material

A

a measure of how much it expands per unit length if heated 1 C degree higher

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11
Q

What are the best materials by the coefficient of linear expansion for dental restoritives

A
  1. Gold
  2. Ceramic

Amalgam and composites 3-5 times that of teeth

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12
Q

percolation

A

repeated expansion and contraction of teeth and restoration at different rates and the oral fluid entering the space and being forced out by this contraction and expansion.

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13
Q

Dental amalgam and percolation

A

decreases over time thought to be from corrosion at the margin of the restoration

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14
Q

Percolation and composites

A

Gets worse as the bond is broken down over time.

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15
Q

Thermal conductivity and dental restoratives

A

high thermal conductivity values = good conductors of cold

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16
Q

Thermal conductors

A

good conductors metals and alloys

Poor ceramics and composites

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17
Q

Cavity liners and bases such as glass ionomers are used to combat thermal sensitivity why?

A

Thin dentin in deep cavity preps the bases gives extra space until secondary or tertiary dentin is formed protecting from thermal insults

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18
Q

Galvanism or corrosion of dental materials

A

Two dissimilar metals in the mouth. Oral fluids provide ions and the diffence in the electrode potential of the metals can produce an electric potential that the patient can feel. Generally to opposing teeth or a spoon on a crown or restoration.
Gold to aluminum

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19
Q

Tarnish

A

sruface reactions of metals in the mouth from components in saliva and foods

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20
Q

Corrosion

A

is the dissolution of metals in the mouth and pits and rougness. seen in gold crowns contaminated with iron fragments

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21
Q

Solubility and sorption

A
  1. the solubility of material in the mouth and how their sorption of oral fluids is an important consideration because they will be exposed to plaque (that give off various acids and organic materials)
  2. Reported 2 ways in weight percentage of soluble or sorbed material in the solid
    and the weight of the solution on the surface of the material.
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22
Q

absorption and adsorption

A

Absorption= uptake of liquid by the bulk material

Adsorption is the concentration of liquid molecules on the surface of the solid material

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23
Q

Wettability

A

is a measure of the affinity of a liquid for solid as indicated by spreading of a drop

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24
Q

shape of a drop of liquid when determining wettability

A
  1. Low contact angle Hydrophillic no beading of the drops

2. High contact angle of the drop Hydrophobic the liquid beads up

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25
Q

Patients with dentures apply what percent of normal force

A

19%

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26
Q

Stress

A

is the force per unit area
usually a ratio
so smaller area higher force = higher stress

Usually reported as MPa

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27
Q

Strain

A

is the change in length per unit length of a material produced by stress

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28
Q

Forces acting on teeth can be seen as

A
  1. Compressive
  2. Tensile,
  3. shear
  4. Twisting movement
  5. bending moment
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29
Q

Strain

A

is the change in length per unit length of a material produced by stress

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30
Q

Elastic modulus

A

= to the ratio of the stress to the strain in the linear or elastic protion of the stress-strain curve.
Or it is the stiffness of a material

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31
Q
  1. Yield strength

2. proportional limit

A
  1. amount of force needed to cause permanent deformation

2. End point of the straight line portion of SS curve

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32
Q

Ultimate strength

A

The stress point at which fracture occurs

If this happens with tensile then tensile strength, compression strength, and shear strength

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33
Q

Elongation and compression

A

amount of deformation a material can withstand before rupture

  1. Percent of elongation when under tensile stress
  2. report as a percent of compression when under compressive stress
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34
Q

Percents of elongation are important properties in that they are measurements of

A

Ductility and malleability

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35
Q

Ductile alloys

A

high elongation percent allows significant deformation before fracture

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36
Q

Brittle materials

A

low elongation percentage so minimal deformation before fracture

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37
Q

Resilience of a material

A

energy required to permanently deform a material

38
Q

Toughness of a material

A

energy necessary to fracture a material

39
Q

Hardness of a material

A

Hardness is the resistance of a material to indentation

40
Q

Knoop hardness

A

Diamond indenter and calculating the kilograms required to give an indentation of 1mm SQ

41
Q

Dynamic properties

A

Describe a materials behavior under various types of dynamic loading (sudden or impact loaded, repeated loading/unloading cycles, frequent mode changes (tension/compression))

42
Q

3 dental preventive materials

A
  1. Flouride gels and varnishes
  2. Pit and fissure sealants
  3. Mouth guards from Polymers
43
Q

Percent of fluoride ion in gels

A

1.22%-1.32% Page 28

44
Q

Thixotropic Materials

A

pseudoplastic Low viscosity when stirred, high viscosity on standing.
Low viscosity under load and high viscosity on standing still

45
Q

4 types of materials used in dental esthetic restorations.

A
  1. Composites
  2. Compomers
  3. Resin-modified glass ionomers
  4. Glass ionomers
46
Q

Do composites release flouride?

A

No or low release
but are strong, esthetic and wear resistant
introduced 1960’s

47
Q

Compomer characteristics

A
  1. Flouride releasing
    2.Less wear resistant than composites
  2. Esthetic
    1995 improved handling over composites
    Polyacid added to the resin
48
Q

Glass ionomer and resin-modified glass ionomer

A

1972 Glass ionomer most fluoride release
1990 Resin-mod GI better esthetics fluoride release
Cervical lesions
1. release flouride more than compomers and composites

49
Q

What are the inorganic filler particles treated with to improve bond to the resin matrix

A

Silanes know as coupling agents

50
Q

oligomers

A

moderate molecular weight organic molecule made from tow or more organic molecules

They are the resin base materials

51
Q

The most common dimethacrylates used in provisional composites resins are?

A

bis-acryl
bis-GMA

urethane methacrylate

52
Q

Light is adsorb by what in a resin composite

A

Diketone which in the presence of an organic amine start polymerization

53
Q

self cure composites use what to start polymerization?

A

Organic peroxide initiator

54
Q

What is the bond strength to inhibit microleakage?

A

20KPA

Most comoposite bonding agents 14-30 KPA

55
Q

Compomers uptake what that is important to fluoride release?

A

Water

56
Q

Bond strength of Glass ionomer to dentin

A

2-3kpa

57
Q

How deep is the bond of composite bonding agents to dentin

A

1-5Mico m

58
Q

Primer and adhesives in bonding agents are hydrophilic and hydrophobic both and why?

A

Hydrophilic to help spread over the etched surface and hydrophobic to initiate bond to filled composite

59
Q

Amalgam is full strength in how many hours

A

24

60
Q

What is missing from today’s amalgam that gives it a long clinical life.

A

Mercury-tin compound gamma 2

61
Q

Dimensional change that occurs with chewing is called

A

Creep

62
Q

Temporary fillings are used for

A

Thermal insulation and mechanical support restored with other materials

63
Q

Varnishes

A

used to protect pulpal protection not used under composites

May bonding agents are used not for this

64
Q

Cements are classified by their base makeup

3 types

A
  1. Water
  2. Oil
  3. Resin
65
Q

Glass ionomer cements are anti cariogenic by what

A

fluoride release

66
Q

Retention of Glass ionomer cements

A

chemical bonding to dentin or enamel but also micormechanical retension
Much higher bonds for resin-modified glass ionomer 14 KPA

67
Q

Zinc oxide eugenol cements

Oil based

A

Ontundent effect or sedative effect to pulp do to the eugenol
Micormechanical bond

68
Q

Ceramic restorations are etched with what acid?

A

hydrofluoric acid gel

69
Q

Calcium hydroxide can be used for

A

direct or indirect pulp capping under composites and does not interfere with poymerization

70
Q

Which generation of bonding agents are routinely used for orthodontic brackets

A

6 th generation

71
Q

A die made from dental stone is a reproduction of what

A

Individual tooth or a few teeth. The entire arch would be a model or cast

72
Q

What purpose does sodium phosphate serve in alginate?

A

A retarder

73
Q

Alginate hydrocolloid impression material is a reversible or irreversible hydrocolloid

A

irreversible once it sets to a gel.

74
Q

difference between normal and fast set alginate

A
  1. normal takes 2 min working time 4 1/2 min set time
  2. fast takes 1 1/4 mins working time and 1-2 min set time

Water and heat will shorten working times

75
Q

Alginate impressions should be stored in

A

100% Relative Humidity

Shrink why dry out
Swell if stored in water

76
Q

Alginate shrinks even when stored in 100% humidity why?

A

Syneresis or what beading up on the surface than is coming from the inner parts of the material

77
Q

What should be the minimum margins of alginate from the surfaces of the teeth

A

4mm thick

78
Q

Addition silicones are what impression materials?

A

Vinyl polysiloxanes

79
Q

Surfactants are added to Addition silicones why?

A

improve wetability by increasing th hydrophillic properties

80
Q

Addition silicones can be monophase what is that?

A

High shear stress such as pushed from syringe the viscosity is low
When under low stress such as in a tray they are high viscosity

81
Q

Types of Gypsum products

A 
Types
I Impression Plaster
II Model plaster low abrasion resistance
III. Dental stone Increased abrasion resistance
IV High strength low expansion
V High strength high expansion
82
Q

What is the diffference between all of the gypsum products

A

Nothing chemical just the amount of water and the crystal type depicted on how the gypsum was processed.

83
Q

Gypsum is calcium sulfate dihydrate what is the product that is made by heat process that is the active ingredient of plasters and stone.

A

Calcium hemihydrate

84
Q

Difference in making the different hemihydrate forms

A

Plaster model = open kettle
Closed kettle in steam = stone
Boiled in Ca Cl = high strength stone

85
Q

What is the relationship of water to make a workable material with increaed hardness of gypsum products or which take more water to make workable. Plaster or stone?

A

Plaster take more water.

86
Q

What happens if two much water is added to dental plasters and stone

A

Water evaporates and leaves voids

87
Q

material added to gypsum that acts as an accelerator

A

potassium sulfate reaction moves toward the dihydrate form rather than the hemihydrate form

88
Q

Borax effect on gypsum?

A

retards

89
Q

What is the effect of water temperature on gypsum?

A

Increases in room temp and mixing water shorten set time until 37.5C water temp then the setting time will actually increase. the dihydrate becomes soluable and the reaction goes toward the hemihydrate and if water is increased to 100C the material will not set.

90
Q

Hygroscopic

A

Compounds that easily absorb water from air.

Jane (and Margie)'s Veterinary Dentistry export questions (17 decks)

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