Anesthesia Lab II: Unassigned Lecture - Difficult Airway+LMA Flashcards
(34 cards)
What are the two types of difficult airways?
Preparedness-Anticipated and Unanticipated Difficult Airway
Preparedness-Anticipated refers to situations where challenges are expected, while Unanticipated refers to unexpected difficulties during airway management.
What additional clues suggest airway obstruction or abnormal anatomy?
CT images of head/neck, prior history of difficult airway, excessive sore throat, broken teeth from prior intubations, limited ability to pronath jaw, prominent upper incisors, and a variety of congenital and acquired diseases
Examples of congenital diseases include Treacher-Collins syndrome and Down syndrome.
What is crucial to check before managing a difficult airway?
Prior records
Reviewing previous medical history and airway management experiences is essential.
What should be disclosed to all involved parties in airway management?
Concerns regarding the airway and consent for multiple back-up options
This includes informing patients about potential surgical airway interventions.
What are the components of a plan when managing a difficult airway?
Plan A, B, & C for various scenarios
Plans should include strategies for awake intubation, managing patients who can be ventilated but are difficult to intubate, and those who cannot be ventilated or intubated.
What is the best attempt during airway management?
FIRST ATTEMPT IS YOUR BEST ATTEMPT!
Emphasizes the importance of preparation and execution during the first attempt.
What should be immediately available in the room for difficult airway management?
Difficult airway resources
This includes necessary equipment and tools for managing difficult airways.
What technique should be used to optimize patient positioning?
Ramps/sniff position
Proper positioning can significantly aid in airway management.
What should be considered regarding intubation type?
Awake vs asleep intubation
Deciding whether the patient needs to spontaneously ventilate throughout the procedure is critical.
What should be done in the case of an unanticipated difficult airway?
Use the difficult airway algorithm, call for help, optimize oxygenation, and consider invasive airway management interventions
This includes using noninvasive airway management devices and combination techniques.
What is a potential intervention in emergency airway management?
ECMO
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation may be necessary in critical situations.
What is the Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA)?
A supraglottic airway device developed by British Anesthesiologist Dr. Archi Brain, in use since 1988.
What is the primary purpose of the LMA?
To serve as a method of elective ventilation, providing an alternative to bag-valve-mask ventilation.
In what settings was the LMA initially used?
Primarily in the operating room setting.
How does the LMA work?
It sits in the patient’s hypopharynx and covers the supraglottic structures, allowing relative isolation of the trachea.
What should be true about the patient before placing an LMA?
The patient should be unresponsive.
What is the design of the LMA?
Shaped like a large endotracheal tube on the proximal end connecting to an elliptical mask on the distal end.
What is the Classic LMA?
The standard design of the Laryngeal Mask Airway.
What is the Fastrach LMA designed for?
To serve as a conduit for intubation with features to increase the rate of successful intubation.
What are the special features of the Fastrach LMA?
- Insertion handle
- Rigid shaft with anatomical curvature
- Epiglottic elevating bar
What is the ProSeal LMA?
An LMA with a channel for suctioning gastric contents and can handle higher pressures.
What is a limitation of the ProSeal LMA?
It does not permit blind intubation and is not used in the emergency setting.
What is unique about the LMA Supreme?
It includes a built-in bite block.
