Anesthesia Terms and Concepts Flashcards
1
Q
acute
A
condition that has a rapid or recent onset
patient that is hypertensive from postoperative pain has acute hypertension
2
Q
chronic
A
condition that has been present for a long time
patient that dakes daily antihypertensives to treat blood pressure has chronic hypertension
3
Q
angina
A
chest pain
common/serious cause: blocked coronary artery
4
Q
arrhythmia
A
abnormal heart rhythm,
5
Q
atelectasis
A
collapsed alveoli
commonly caused by hypoventilation
6
Q
atherosclerosis
A
buildup of fatty plaques
cause narrowing of artery
cause decreased blood flow through artery
coronary artery: angina, ischemia, heart attack
head: stroke
7
Q
auscultation
A
listening (with stethoscope)
8
Q
bariatric
A
obese
9
Q
contraindication
A
situation in which a drug, procedure, or surgery should not be used because it may be harmful to the person
ex. performing labor epidural is contraindicated in patient with lumbar infarction
10
Q
cyanosis
A
“blueness” of skin due to lack of oxygen delivery to the tissues
11
Q
diaphoresis
A
sweating
12
Q
distal
A
away from center of body
13
Q
diuresis
A
urine excretion
14
Q
endentulous
A
has no teeth (uses dentures)
15
Q
Ejection Fraction (EF)
A
percentage of the volume that is pumped out of the left ventricle with each heart beat
16
Q
Normal EF
A
65-75%
17
Q
Low EF
A
heart failure
18
Q
elective surgery
A
planned, non-emergency
(can wait if needed)
19
Q
embolism
A
moving blood clot
20
Q
epistaxis
A
nose bleed
21
Q
erythema
A
reddening of the skin (in patches) as a result of injury or irritation, causing capillary dilation
22
Q
etiology
A
cause of disease or symptoms
23
Q
exsanguinate
A
to be drained of blood
24
Q
febrile
A
patient has a fever
temp > 38C
25
FiO2 acronym
Fraction of Inspired Oxygen
26
FiO2 definition
concentration of oxygen in the air we breath
27
Room Air FiO2
21%
(the concentration of oxygen we normally breathe is 21%)
28
Oxygen mask FiO2
60-90%
29
geriatric
elderly
30
global
some that occurs throughout the body
31
regional
only occurs in one area of the body
32
gtt
infusion of a drug or fluid
33
hypercarbia
(hypercapnia)
elevated plasma CO2 concentration
34
hyperkalemia
elevated plasma potassium (K+) concentration
>5.5mEq/L
35
hypernatremia
elevated plasma sodium (Na+) concentration
>145mEq/L
36
hypertension
elevated blood pressure (BP)
>140/90 mmHg
37
hyperthermia
elevated body temp
38
hypocarbia (hypocapnia)
low partial pressure of CO2 in plasma
<35mmHg
39
hypokalemia
low plasma potassium
<3.5mEq/L
40
hypotension
low blood pressure
<90/50mmHg
41
hypothermia
lower than normal temp
<36 C
42
hypovolemia
low blood volume
43
hypoxia
poor oxygen delivery or oxygenation
44
latrogenic
condition induced inadvertently by medical treatment or diagnostic procedures
45
IM (intramuscular)
injecting a drug into the muscle
deeper than subcutaneous
46
ischemia
insufficient oxygen supply to an organ
O2 demand increase
Blood flow lacking
Ventilation insufficient
47
myocardial infaction
heart attack
lack of blood flow and o2 to the heat causes area of heart muscle to die
48
NPO
nil per os
nothing by mouth
no solid foods 6-8 hrs
no clear liquids 2 hrs
prior to surgery
49
peripheral
outer region
away from center
50
paraoxysmal
sudden increase or return of symptoms
51
peristalsis
intestinal motility
52
pallor
unhealthy pale looking appearance
53
perfusion
blood flow (oxygen delivery) to the tissues
54
PONV
postoperative nasuea and vomiting
55
poikilothermic
unable to regulate body temp
56
proximal
situated nearer to the center of the body or the point of attachment
57
pruritus
itching
58
reverse
"head up" position on an operating room table
59
stenosis
narrowing
60
subcutaneous
sub Q
SQ
injection of drug underneath skin
61
supine
laying on backri
62
prone
laying on stomach
63
syncope
faintin
64
tachyphylaxis
decreased effectiveness of a drug over time
65
tachypnea
irregularly fast breathingt
66
thrombus
non moving blood clot
67
transient ischemic attack
TIA
mini stroke
caused by temporary lack of blood flow to an area of the brain
<24 hr symptoms
68
tragus
prjects immediately in front of the ear canal
69
trendelenburg
"head down" position on an operating room table
70
triage
process of deciding which pateints should be treated first and where they should go, based on how sick/injured they are
71
turgid
swelling
72
induction
going to sleep
73
maintenance
staying asleep
74
Total Intravenous Anesthesia
(TIVA)
propofol infusion through IV
no gases are utilized
75
Stage 1
awake responsing ready to be extubated
76
stage 2
half awake/half asleep
risk for laryngospasm
77
stage 3
deeply anesthetized
unable to move
78
stage 4
overdose
hypotension likely cause
79
stroke volume
amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each contraction
80
cardiac output
amount of blood flowing through the body per minute
81
Cardiac output equation
CO = SVxHR
82
increase HR
increase CO
83
increase SV
increase CO
84
CO in adults w/bradycardia
can be normal
85
CO in peds w/bradycardia
cannot be normal
fixed stroke volume that cannot increase to compensate for lower HR
86
central line
large IV catheter placed in central vein
internal jugular (neck)
subclavian (inferior to clavicle)
87
contractility
how forcefully the heat pumps
directly proportional to SV
88
congestive heart failure
(CHF)
a condition where the patient has decreased cardiac contractility
heart is not able to pump as a normal amount of blood with each contraction
89
arteries
carry blood away from the heart
usually oxygenated
90
deoxygenated arteries
pulmonary
umbilical
91
veins
carry blood toward the heart
usually deoxygenated
92
oxygenated veins
pulmonary
umbilical
93
laryngospasm
closed vocal cords
most likely to happen if cords are stimulate/irritated during stage II anesthesia
94
capacity
sum of one or more volumest
95
tidal volume
(Vt)
volume of one normal breath
96
Inspiratory Reserve Volume
(IRV)
maximal inspiratory volume
(extra in)
97
Expiratory Reserve Volume
(ERV)
maximal expiratory volume
98
vital capacity
(VC)
maximal inspiration
+
maximal expiration
maximum amount of air a person can expel from the lungs after a maximum inhalation
99
residual volume
(RV)
amount of air left in the lungs after maximal expiration
prevents alveoli from collapsing completely during exhalation
(PEEP)
100
functional residual capacity
(FRC)
expiratory reserve volume
+
residual volume
amount of air remaining in the lungs after a normal exhalation
101
total lung capacity
(TLC)
all of lung volumes combined
102
minute ventilation
volume of breathing that occurs over a 1 min period
amount of air that enters the lungs per minute
RR x Vt
103
normal respiratory rates
vent pt: 8-12 bpm
regular pt: 12-20 bpm
pain will increase RR rate
104
obstructive sleep apnea
(OSA)
occurs when there is a partial or complete airway obstruction during sleep
tissues of upper airway lose tone and fall against the poterior pharynx, causing obstruction
more common in obese patients
105
vagal response
sudden onset bradycardia and/or hypotension
(decrease HR and/or decrease BP)
106
common causes of vagal responses
needle sticks
sight of blood
abdominal insufflation w/CO2 (Lap surgery)
107
vagal response treatment
atropine or Robinul to block acetylcholine surger
108
negative pressure ventilation
spontaneous ventilation
normal breathing
when diaphragm contracts, intrathoracic pressure becomes (-)
109
positive pressure ventilation
mechanical/control vent
diaphragm is forced open with positive pressure
used anytime a pt is no longer breathing on their own
110
volatile agents
anesthetic gases (vapors)
Sevo: yello
Iso: purple
Des: blue
111
basic metabolic panel (BMP)
electrolyte panel
chem 7
Na+
K+
Cl-
CO2
BUN
Creatinine (Cr)
glucose (Glu)
112
Hemoglobin & Hematocrit
(H&H)
white blood cells count
platelet concentration
Hb
Hct
113
Na+ normal lab values
135-145 mg/dL
114
K+ normal lab values
3.5-5.5 mg/dL
115
Cl- normal lab values
96-106 mEq/L
116
CO2 normal lab values
24-30 mEq/L
117
BUN normal values
7-20 mg/dL
118
Cr normal values
0.6-1.3 mg/dL
119
Glu normal values
60-100 mg/dL
120
WBC normal values
4.5-11.0 x109/L
121
Hemoglobin normal value (Female)
11.5-15 mg/dL
122
Hemoglobin normal value (male)
13-16 mg/dL
123
hematocrit normal value (female)
39%
124
hematocrit normal value (male)
45%
125
platelets normal value
150,000-450,000/microL
