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Pmc > Anesthesia Terms and Concepts > Flashcards

Anesthesia Terms and Concepts Flashcards

1
Q

acute

A

condition that has a rapid or recent onset

patient that is hypertensive from postoperative pain has acute hypertension

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2
Q

chronic

A

condition that has been present for a long time

patient that dakes daily antihypertensives to treat blood pressure has chronic hypertension

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3
Q

angina

A

chest pain
common/serious cause: blocked coronary artery

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4
Q

arrhythmia

A

abnormal heart rhythm,

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5
Q

atelectasis

A

collapsed alveoli
commonly caused by hypoventilation

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6
Q

atherosclerosis

A

buildup of fatty plaques
cause narrowing of artery
cause decreased blood flow through artery

coronary artery: angina, ischemia, heart attack
head: stroke

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7
Q

auscultation

A

listening (with stethoscope)

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8
Q

bariatric

A

obese

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9
Q

contraindication

A

situation in which a drug, procedure, or surgery should not be used because it may be harmful to the person

ex. performing labor epidural is contraindicated in patient with lumbar infarction

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10
Q

cyanosis

A

“blueness” of skin due to lack of oxygen delivery to the tissues

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11
Q

diaphoresis

A

sweating

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12
Q

distal

A

away from center of body

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13
Q

diuresis

A

urine excretion

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14
Q

endentulous

A

has no teeth (uses dentures)

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15
Q

Ejection Fraction (EF)

A

percentage of the volume that is pumped out of the left ventricle with each heart beat

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16
Q

Normal EF

A

65-75%

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17
Q

Low EF

A

heart failure

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18
Q

elective surgery

A

planned, non-emergency
(can wait if needed)

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19
Q

embolism

A

moving blood clot

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20
Q

epistaxis

A

nose bleed

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21
Q

erythema

A

reddening of the skin (in patches) as a result of injury or irritation, causing capillary dilation

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22
Q

etiology

A

cause of disease or symptoms

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23
Q

exsanguinate

A

to be drained of blood

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24
Q

febrile

A

patient has a fever
temp > 38C

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25
Q

FiO2 acronym

A

Fraction of Inspired Oxygen

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26
Q

FiO2 definition

A

concentration of oxygen in the air we breath

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27
Q

Room Air FiO2

A

21%
(the concentration of oxygen we normally breathe is 21%)

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28
Q

Oxygen mask FiO2

A

60-90%

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29
Q

geriatric

A

elderly

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30
Q

global

A

some that occurs throughout the body

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31
Q

regional

A

only occurs in one area of the body

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32
Q

gtt

A

infusion of a drug or fluid

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33
Q

hypercarbia
(hypercapnia)

A

elevated plasma CO2 concentration

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34
Q

hyperkalemia

A

elevated plasma potassium (K+) concentration
>5.5mEq/L

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35
Q

hypernatremia

A

elevated plasma sodium (Na+) concentration
>145mEq/L

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36
Q

hypertension

A

elevated blood pressure (BP)
>140/90 mmHg

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37
Q

hyperthermia

A

elevated body temp

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38
Q

hypocarbia (hypocapnia)

A

low partial pressure of CO2 in plasma
<35mmHg

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39
Q

hypokalemia

A

low plasma potassium
<3.5mEq/L

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40
Q

hypotension

A

low blood pressure
<90/50mmHg

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41
Q

hypothermia

A

lower than normal temp
<36 C

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42
Q

hypovolemia

A

low blood volume

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43
Q

hypoxia

A

poor oxygen delivery or oxygenation

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44
Q

latrogenic

A

condition induced inadvertently by medical treatment or diagnostic procedures

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45
Q

IM (intramuscular)

A

injecting a drug into the muscle
deeper than subcutaneous

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46
Q

ischemia

A

insufficient oxygen supply to an organ

O2 demand increase
Blood flow lacking
Ventilation insufficient

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47
Q

myocardial infaction

A

heart attack

lack of blood flow and o2 to the heat causes area of heart muscle to die

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48
Q

NPO
nil per os

A

nothing by mouth

no solid foods 6-8 hrs
no clear liquids 2 hrs
prior to surgery

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49
Q

peripheral

A

outer region
away from center

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50
Q

paraoxysmal

A

sudden increase or return of symptoms

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51
Q

peristalsis

A

intestinal motility

52
Q

pallor

A

unhealthy pale looking appearance

53
Q

perfusion

A

blood flow (oxygen delivery) to the tissues

54
Q

PONV

A

postoperative nasuea and vomiting

55
Q

poikilothermic

A

unable to regulate body temp

56
Q

proximal

A

situated nearer to the center of the body or the point of attachment

57
Q

pruritus

A

itching

58
Q

reverse

A

“head up” position on an operating room table

59
Q

stenosis

A

narrowing

60
Q

subcutaneous
sub Q
SQ

A

injection of drug underneath skin

61
Q

supine

A

laying on backri

62
Q

prone

A

laying on stomach

63
Q

syncope

A

faintin

64
Q

tachyphylaxis

A

decreased effectiveness of a drug over time

65
Q

tachypnea

A

irregularly fast breathingt

66
Q

thrombus

A

non moving blood clot

67
Q

transient ischemic attack
TIA

A

mini stroke
caused by temporary lack of blood flow to an area of the brain

<24 hr symptoms

68
Q

tragus

A

prjects immediately in front of the ear canal

69
Q

trendelenburg

A

“head down” position on an operating room table

70
Q

triage

A

process of deciding which pateints should be treated first and where they should go, based on how sick/injured they are

71
Q

turgid

A

swelling

72
Q

induction

A

going to sleep

73
Q

maintenance

A

staying asleep

74
Q

Total Intravenous Anesthesia
(TIVA)

A

propofol infusion through IV

no gases are utilized

75
Q

Stage 1

A

awake responsing ready to be extubated

76
Q

stage 2

A

half awake/half asleep
risk for laryngospasm

77
Q

stage 3

A

deeply anesthetized
unable to move

78
Q

stage 4

A

overdose
hypotension likely cause

79
Q

stroke volume

A

amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each contraction

80
Q

cardiac output

A

amount of blood flowing through the body per minute

81
Q

Cardiac output equation

A

CO = SVxHR

82
Q

increase HR

A

increase CO

83
Q

increase SV

A

increase CO

84
Q

CO in adults w/bradycardia

A

can be normal

85
Q

CO in peds w/bradycardia

A

cannot be normal
fixed stroke volume that cannot increase to compensate for lower HR

86
Q

central line

A

large IV catheter placed in central vein

internal jugular (neck)
subclavian (inferior to clavicle)

87
Q

contractility

A

how forcefully the heat pumps

directly proportional to SV

88
Q

congestive heart failure
(CHF)

A

a condition where the patient has decreased cardiac contractility

heart is not able to pump as a normal amount of blood with each contraction

89
Q

arteries

A

carry blood away from the heart

usually oxygenated

90
Q

deoxygenated arteries

A

pulmonary
umbilical

91
Q

veins

A

carry blood toward the heart

usually deoxygenated

92
Q

oxygenated veins

A

pulmonary
umbilical

93
Q

laryngospasm

A

closed vocal cords
most likely to happen if cords are stimulate/irritated during stage II anesthesia

94
Q

capacity

A

sum of one or more volumest

95
Q

tidal volume
(Vt)

A

volume of one normal breath

96
Q

Inspiratory Reserve Volume
(IRV)

A

maximal inspiratory volume

(extra in)

97
Q

Expiratory Reserve Volume
(ERV)

A

maximal expiratory volume

98
Q

vital capacity
(VC)

A

maximal inspiration
+
maximal expiration

maximum amount of air a person can expel from the lungs after a maximum inhalation

99
Q

residual volume
(RV)

A

amount of air left in the lungs after maximal expiration
prevents alveoli from collapsing completely during exhalation

(PEEP)

100
Q

functional residual capacity
(FRC)

A

expiratory reserve volume
+
residual volume

amount of air remaining in the lungs after a normal exhalation

101
Q

total lung capacity
(TLC)

A

all of lung volumes combined

102
Q

minute ventilation

A

volume of breathing that occurs over a 1 min period

amount of air that enters the lungs per minute

RR x Vt

103
Q

normal respiratory rates

A

vent pt: 8-12 bpm
regular pt: 12-20 bpm
pain will increase RR rate

104
Q

obstructive sleep apnea
(OSA)

A

occurs when there is a partial or complete airway obstruction during sleep
tissues of upper airway lose tone and fall against the poterior pharynx, causing obstruction

more common in obese patients

105
Q

vagal response

A

sudden onset bradycardia and/or hypotension

(decrease HR and/or decrease BP)

106
Q

common causes of vagal responses

A

needle sticks
sight of blood
abdominal insufflation w/CO2 (Lap surgery)

107
Q

vagal response treatment

A

atropine or Robinul to block acetylcholine surger

108
Q

negative pressure ventilation

A

spontaneous ventilation
normal breathing

when diaphragm contracts, intrathoracic pressure becomes (-)

109
Q

positive pressure ventilation

A

mechanical/control vent

diaphragm is forced open with positive pressure

used anytime a pt is no longer breathing on their own

110
Q

volatile agents

A

anesthetic gases (vapors)

Sevo: yello
Iso: purple
Des: blue

111
Q

basic metabolic panel (BMP)

A

electrolyte panel
chem 7

Na+
K+
Cl-
CO2
BUN
Creatinine (Cr)
glucose (Glu)

112
Q

Hemoglobin & Hematocrit
(H&H)

A

white blood cells count
platelet concentration
Hb
Hct

113
Q

Na+ normal lab values

A

135-145 mg/dL

114
Q

K+ normal lab values

A

3.5-5.5 mg/dL

115
Q

Cl- normal lab values

A

96-106 mEq/L

116
Q

CO2 normal lab values

A

24-30 mEq/L

117
Q

BUN normal values

A

7-20 mg/dL

118
Q

Cr normal values

A

0.6-1.3 mg/dL

119
Q

Glu normal values

A

60-100 mg/dL

120
Q

WBC normal values

A

4.5-11.0 x109/L

121
Q

Hemoglobin normal value (Female)

A

11.5-15 mg/dL

122
Q

Hemoglobin normal value (male)

A

13-16 mg/dL

123
Q

hematocrit normal value (female)

A

39%

124
Q

hematocrit normal value (male)

A

45%

125
Q

platelets normal value

A

150,000-450,000/microL

Pmc (7 decks)

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