ANESTHESTICS DRUG LIST

Question 1

chlorpromazine

Answer 1

phenothiazine – dopamine antagonist
- blocks D2 receptors.
- blocks alpha 1 receptors (side effect).
- neuroletpic/sedative.
- treats schizophrenia.

Question 2

dexmedetomidine

Answer 2

sympatholytic – alpha 2 agonist
- Open K+ channels and suppress Ca2+ influx -> hyperpolarization + inhibition of NT release
- also an alpha 1 agonist (side effects)
- sedative.
- sedation, analgesia, and muscle relaxion.

Question 3

midazolam

Answer 3

benzodiazepine
- increases binding of GABA to GABA A.
- sedative/anxiolytic.
- relaxation and amnesia.

Question 4

flumazenil

Answer 4

benzo. competetive inhibitor
- competetively binds benzo. binding location on GABA.
- treats benzo. overdoses

Question 5

naloxone

Answer 5

opioid antagonist
- binds and blocks Mu receptors (competitive inhibition).
- treats opioid overdose.

Question 6

fentanyl

Answer 6

opioid – full Mu agonist (MOR)
- acts on MOR receptors.
- analgesia, euphoria, miosis, and resp. depression.

Question 7

pentazocine

Answer 7

opioid/analgesics – full kappa agonist (KOR) w partial mu agonism (MOR)
- acts on KOR and MOR receptors.
- analgesia.
- slight analgesia, euphoria, miosis, and resp. depression.

Question 8

ketamine

Answer 8

phencyclidine – sigma R stimulant
- inhibits GABA receptors.
- inhibits NMDA receptors.
- activates sigma receptors.
- dysphoria, hallucination, vasomotor stimulation.

Question 9

codeine

Answer 9

opioid precurors
- anti-tussive
- metabolized into morphine.
- based on CYP2D6 activity.

Question 10

morphine

Answer 10

opioid – full Mu agonist (MOR)
- acts on MOR receptors.
- analgesia, euphoria, miosis, and resp. depression.

Question 11

pentobarbital

Answer 11

sedativehypnotic – barbituate
- binds GABA A receptors.
- prolongs GABA channel opening.
- anesthesia DANGEROUS!!

Question 12

propofol

Answer 12

sedative – induction agent
- binds GABA A receptor (not in absence of GABA)
- prolongs opening of GABA channels.
- anesthesia SAFE(R)!

Question 13

Halothane

Answer 13

sedative – induction agent
- facilitate GABA interaction w GABAa receptor, can also impact other receptors.
- has to be combined with a stabilizing agent (thymol)

Question 14

Isoflurane

Answer 14

sedative – induction agent
- thought to facilitate GABA binding
- Pungent odor
- Relatively low solubility in tissues (lower BGPC) -> moves in and out of body rapidly -> rapid changes in depth of anesthesia possible
- Less depression of cardiac output, but cause vasodilation -> dose-dependent drop in BP

Question 15

Sevoflurane

Answer 15

sedative – induction agent
- thought to facilitate GABA binding
- Less soluble than isoflurane -> even faster induction and recovery
- non-pungent odor
- fluoride ions from metabolism damage renal tubules when they accumulate during long procedures, breaks down in presence of soda lime to form toxic compound -> only problem with long procedures

Question 16

Loperamide

Answer 16

opioid
- anti-diarrheal