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PCOL > ANESTHETIC > Flashcards

ANESTHETIC Flashcards

1
Q

a reversible state of central nervous system (CNS) depression, causing loss of response to and perception of stimuli

A

General anesthesia

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2
Q

Milk of amnesia

A

Propofol

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3
Q

Often considered anesthetic adjunct

A

BZDsandBarbiturates

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4
Q

Block excitatory postsynaptic nicotinic Receptors

A

Inhalational

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5
Q

Notable for Cardio vascular toxicity

A

Halothane

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6
Q

Causes suppression of CV

A

Cardiovascularsystem

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7
Q

depress respiration but also act as bronchodilators

A

Respiratory system

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8
Q

Inhibition of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors

A

N2O,ketamine

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9
Q

consideration in px with neurologic disorders

A

epilepsy, MG, NM dse

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10
Q

The use if anesthetic can cause abnormality in pregnancy which resukts to:

A

fetal organogenesis
aplastic anemia
oral cleft, altered thermoregulation

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11
Q

Pre-anesthetics(Adjuncts) reduce gastric acidity

A

H2 blockers

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12
Q

Drugs that are administering prior to administrating the main anesthetic agent

A

Pre-anesthetics(Adjuncts)

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13
Q

Pre-anesthetics(Adjuncts) prevent allergic reactions;

A

Antihistamines

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14
Q

Most common anti cholinergic

A

Glycopyrrolate

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15
Q

prevent bradycardia and secretion of
fluids into the respiratory tract

A

Anticholinergics

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16
Q

Most potent synthetic opiod derivative

A

Fentanyl

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17
Q

allay anxiety and facilitate amnesia

A

Benzodiazepines

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18
Q

Causes tolerance to opiods

A

opioid addiction

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19
Q

produce negative effects

A

Concomitant Drug Use

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20
Q

time of administration untul the anesthetic effect manifest or begins in the body

A

Induction

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21
Q

discontinuation→consciousness/reflexes

A

Recovery

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22
Q

sustainedanesthesia

A

Maintenance

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23
Q

Respiration is rapid, and heart rate and blood pressure increase

A

Excitement (delirium/disinhibition)

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24
Q

Decreased awareness of pain

A

Analgesia

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25
Q

Phases of anesthesia

A

Induction
Maintenance
Recovery

26
Q

STAGES OF ANESTHESIA

A

Analgesia
Excitement
Surgical anesthesia
Medullary (respiratory) depression

27
Q

Ideal stage for surgery

A

Surgical anesthesia

28
Q

Severe depression of the respiratory center

A

Medullary (respiratory) depression

29
Q

Careful monitoring is needed to prevent undesired
progression to stage IV

A

Surgical anesthesia

30
Q

↓required anesthetic doses

A

Concomitant Drug Use

31
Q

Ventilation and or circulation must be supported to prevent death

A

Medullary (respiratory) depression

32
Q

Induce anesthesia

A

IV agent

33
Q

Maintaine anesthesia during surgery

A

Inhalational anesthetic

34
Q

narrow therapeutic indices

A

Inhalational anesthetic

35
Q

Smallest dose to take effect

A

Minimum Alveolar Concentration

36
Q

median effective dose (ED50) of the anesthetic, expressed as the percentage of gas in a mixture required to achieve that effect

A

Minimum Alveolar Concentration

37
Q

Also known as inspired gas in Inhalational anesthetic

A

Gas mixture

38
Q

More potent

A

Small MAC

39
Q

Larger MAC

A

less potent

40
Q

Windows to the brain

A

alveoli

41
Q

replacement of normal lung gases with the inspired anesthetic mixture

A

ALVEOLAR WASH-IN

42
Q

conc in blood phase: conc in gas phase (in
equilibrium)

A

blood/gas partition coefficient

43
Q

faster induction and recovery (N2O)

A

↓blood/gas coefficient

44
Q

slower induction and recovery (Halothane)

A

↑blood/gas coefficient

45
Q

Need to increase dose and the least potent

A

halothane

46
Q

Most potent

A

desflurane

47
Q

removal of anesthetic to peripheral tissues, which are not the site of action

A

Cardiac output

48
Q

poorly perfused

A

Skeletal muscles, Fat, Bone,ligaments,and cartilage

49
Q

relatively low capacity to store anesthetic

A

Bone,ligaments,and cartilage

50
Q

large volume, prolongs the time required to achieve steadystate

A

Skeletal muscles

51
Q

rapidly attain a steady state

A

BRAIN,HEART,LIVER,KIDNEY,ANDENDOCRINEGLANDS

52
Q

discontinuation of anesthetic

A

WASHOUT

53
Q

sepsis, acute intoxication, clonidine, dexmedetomidine

A

DECREASE MAC

54
Q

nonflammable, nonexplosive agents, including nitrous oxide and volatile, halogenated hydrocarbons

A

Inhalational anesthetic

55
Q

↓cerebrovascular resistance, ↑brain perfusion

A

Inhalational anesthetic

56
Q

↑CNS catecholamines

A

INCREASE MAC

57
Q

distribution and clearance of drugs

A

Liver

58
Q

target organs for toxic effects

A

kidney

59
Q

Increase the sensitivity of the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABAA) receptors to the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA

A

Etomidate,Propofol, BZDs and Barbiturates

60
Q

Considered as one of the most commonly used anesthetic most especially in the US

A

Propofol

61
Q

No specific receptor has been identified as the focus of general anesthetic action.

A

MOA of General anesthesia

62
Q

Most used drugs to facilitate amnesia

A

Diazepam and midasolam

PCOL (4 decks)

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