BZD Flashcards by Shahad Miah

Short acting bzd for favorable asa hypnotic than sedative drug

Triazolam

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Use for anxiety and more toxic in overdose than other bzd

Alprazolam

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Drugs for epilepticus

Lorazepam
Diazepam

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Bzd drug for seizures

Clonazepam

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⚬ muscular disorders,old first-line tmt for status epilepticus

Diazepam

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Aka nordiazepam

Desmethydiazepam

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• ↓REM sleep

Zolpidem

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Newer gen of sedative and hypnotic drug with a Short half life and ↓latency of sleep onset

Zaleplon

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a hypnotic drug which ↑sleep time, stage 2 NREM sleep

ESZOPICLONE

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non-24hour sleep-wake disorder

Tasimelteon

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Concurrent use with fluvoxamine increases the peak plasma conc of ramelteon over 50-fold

RAMELTEON

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relieves anxiety without causing marked sedative, hypnotic, or euphoric effects

BUSPIRONE

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Medical term of pins and needes

Paresthesias

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Bzd drug for amnesia with a duration of action of 3-8hrs

Midazolam

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Intermediate acting Bzd drug for insomia

Temazepam

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Long acting bzd which administered indecreasing doses to px with withdrawal

Chlordiazepoxide

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Date rape drug

Flunitrazepam

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Knock out drops

Mickey finn

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active metabolite of chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, prazepam, and clorazepate

Desmethyldiazepam

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structurally unrelated to benzodiazepines, share a similar mechanism of action

ZOLPIDEM

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slow-onset anxiolytic agent

BUSPIRONE

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may take 3-4weeks to develop anxiolytic effects
Not for acute anxiety

BUSPIRONE

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2 bzd blokers

Flumazenil,
B-carbolines

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Has a a/e of paradoxical reactions

Bzd blokers ( flumazenil, B-carbolines)

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In the tmt of GAD and phobias

Bzd

increase in the frequency of channel-opening events

Benzodiazepines

do not substitute for GABA but appear to enhance GABA’s effects allosterically without directly activating GABA-A receptors

Benzodiazepines

negative allosteric modulators of GABA-receptor function

INVERSE AGONISTS

OREXIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS FDA-approved:

Suvorexant

line tmt for febrile seizure

Phenobarbital

INTERMEDIATE-ACTING

• Amobarbital • Butabarbital

Barbiturates for anesthetic

Thiopental

increase the duration of the GABA-gated chloride channel openings

Barbiturates

AMPA

α-amino-3-hydroxy-5- methylisoxazole-4- propionic acid

ULTRA SHORT-ACTING

• Thiopental • Thioamylal • Methohexital

LONG-ACTING DOA

4-5 days

As a component if balanced anesthesia (IV)

Thiopental

For sedation and amnesia before and during medical and surgical procedures

Thiopental Midazolam Triazolam

For sedation and amnesia before and during medical and surgical procedures

Thiopental Triazoalam Midazolam

INTERMEDIATE-ACTING barbiturates

• Amobarbital • Butabarbital

tonic-clonic seizure

• Phenobarbital

OREXIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS Use for mgt insomia and slepig disorders

Almorexant & Suvorexant

Notable barbiturates available in the market

Phenobarbital

also depress the actions of glutamic acid via binding to the AMPA receptor

Barbiturates

Previously known as grand mal seizure

tonic-clonic seizure

T/F drugs must either be highly hydrophobic or engage specific transport mechanisms

True

respond to changes in the membrane potential of the cell

VOLTAGE-GATED CHANNELS

responsible for fast synaptic transmission typical of hierarchical pathways in the CNS (ms)

LIGAND-GATED CHANNELS

reduce the amount of transmitter released from the terminals of sensory fibers

Axoaxonic synapses

causes the release of the peptide substance P from sensory neurons

Reserpine Capsaicin

retrograde signaling

Endocannabinoids

seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors

METABOTROPIC RECEPTORS

highly concentrated on the initial segment of the axon, which initiates the all-or-nothing fast action potential

VOLTAGE-GATED CHANNELS

cAMP, block metabolism, prolong action

methylxanthines

blocks NMDA subtype of glutamate receptors = anesthesia

ketamine

all the pathways directly involved in sensory perception and motor control

HIERARCHICAL SYSTEMS

blocks glycine = convulsant action

strychnine

form the interconnecting pathways that transmit signals over long distances

projection neurons

axons arborize in the immediate vicinity of the cell body

local circuit neurons

neurotransmitters are produced by only a limited number of neurons whose cell bodies are located in small discrete nuclei, often in the brainstem

NONSPECIFIC OR DIFFUSE NEURONAL SYSTEMS

GLUTAMATE receptors

AMPA kainic acid N-methyl-D-aspartate

GABA & Glycine receptors

GABA -A and GABA-B

first compound to be identified pharmacologically as a transmitter in the CNS

ACETYLCHOLINE

no orexin

narcolepsy

may affect memory, cognition, and pain perception by this mechanism

Endocannabinoids

hypothesized to be a retrograde messenger

Nitric oxide

inhibit release of both amino acid and monoamine transmitters

Purines

established for vascular smooth muscle

Nitric oxide

BZD Flashcards

(68 cards)