Anesthetic Problems And Emergencies Flashcards
(65 cards)
Why do problems arise?
Human error
Equipment error
Adverse effects
Patient factors
Human errors that may result in anesthetic problems
- Failure to obtain adequate history or perform a physical examination
- Lack of familiarity with the anesthetic machine or drugs used
- Incorrect administration of drugs
- Fatigue
- Inattentiveness
- Distraction
Examples of equipment failure or operator carelessness
- Carbon dioxide absorber exhaustion
- Failure to deliver sufficient oxygen to the patient
- Misassembly of the anesthetic machine
- Failure of the vaporizer and pop-off valve
- Endotracheal tube problems
Some patients are at increased risk for anesthetic complications because of Preexisting factors such as these
Old age
Organ failure
Recent trauma
Breed-related conformation
Why do geriatric patients have a reduced anesthetic requirement?
They have less reserve than younger patients
Like geriatric patients, these patients also require reduced doses of injectable agents
Pediatric patients
These patients are prone to hypothermia and hypoglycemia
Pediatric patients
What are the anatomic characteristics that make respiration difficult for brachycephalic dogs?
Have one or more anatomic characteristics that impede air exchange, including very small nasal openings, an elongated soft palate, and small diameter trachea
What should be done to brachycephalic dogs before induction?
Preoxygenate for 5 minutes before induction by gently restraining and administering oxygen through a face mask
Why should induction be rapid on brachycephalic dogs?
To gain control over the airway
What form of induction is preferred for brachycephalic dogs?
IV induction agents (propofol, ketamine-diazepam, methohexital) that are rapidly metabolized are preferred over mask induction
The Endotracheal tube that fits the trachea of a brachycephalic dog is larger or smaller than expected?
Smaller
Why should the Endotracheal tube be left in place for as long as possible in brachycephalic dogs?
The animal will maintain an open airway as long as the tube is in place
Brachycephalic dogs should be monitored for respiration difficulty particularly during this period.
Recovery period
Why should thiobarbiturates be used with extreme care in sighthounds?
Sighthounds show an increased sensitivity to anesthetic agents, particularly thiobarbiturates
Why do sighthounds have an increased sensitivity to thiobarbiturates?
Lack of body fat for redistribution of the drug
Inefficient hepatic metabolism of many drugs
What are the induction agents that can be safely used as alternatives to thiobarbiturates in sighthounds?
Diazepam and ketamine Methohexital Propofol Isoflurane Sevoflurane
Why are anesthetics not efficiently distributed to fat stores?
The blood supply to fat is relatively poor
What is the difference between the dose of an obese patient and a normal patient?
Obese dogs require lower doses of drugs on a per kg basis than normal dogs
How is the dose of anesthesia determined for obese patients?
The dose is determined according to(Their IDEAL body weight) a weight halfway between the normal breed weight an the actual weight
Pregnant animals presented for a C-section are at an increased or decreased anesthetic risk?
Increased anesthetic risk
What are the various anesthetic techniques that are sometimes used as alternatives to inhalation anesthesia in C-section patients?
Epidural anesthesia
Balanced anesthesia
Neuroleptanalgesia
Almost all anesthetic agents may cause this to the fetuses
Depression of respiration and/or circulation
What is a common complication of cesarean surgery?
Hemorrhage from the uterus
