Flashcards in aneurysms and dissections & pertinent disorders/risk factors Deck (9)
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aneurysm
localized dilation of an artery or heart chamber due to wall weakness.
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aneurysm causes
-atherosclerosis
-HTN
-local infection (mycotic aneurysm, syphilic aneurysm
-congenital defect
-trauma
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AAA
Usually occur below renal arteries
Grow a few mm/year (slowly)
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AAA risk factors
Male, >50, smoker, with atherosclerosis
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AAA 2 outcomes:
1. rupture = death
2. (more common) thrombi on internal wall (mural thrombi) which may embolize into the arteries of the legs or intestines leading to ischemia or gangrene
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thoracic aortic aneurysms
Associated w HTN and late syphilis. Patients with small ones can safely be followed by regular imaging
Tx: surgical replacement by prothesis, but mortality risk is 5%
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vascular dissection
longitudinal tearing within the wall of the artery, caused by blood that enters the wall through a defect in the lining, usually an ulceration in an atheroma. Blood pulses into the wall and progresses (dissects) along tissue planes in the wall until it re-enters the main channel (rare) or ruptures
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risk factors for vascular dissection
older men w HTN
in young men, Marfan syndrome or ehlers-danlos syndrome, both weaken the lining of the aortic wall
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