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SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY > ANG HULING LABAN > Flashcards

ANG HULING LABAN Flashcards

1
Q

Who designed the Harvard Mark 1

A

Howard Aiken

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2
Q

It is used to make ballistics calculations during WWII

A

Harvard Mark 1

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3
Q

In 1440, he invented the printing press

A

Johannes Gutenberg

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4
Q

Designed and built the first Apple computer

A

Steve Wozniak

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5
Q

Who was credited with creating the Enigma?

A

Alan Turing

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6
Q

A code-breaking machine during WWII which contributed significantly to early computing

A

Enigma machine

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7
Q

Who created first clone, Dolly?

A

Professor Sir Ian Wilmut

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8
Q

4 reasons where social media and the information age influence human lives through

A
  1. Spread educational material quickly and
    efficiently
  2. Provide companies with a new
    marketing opportunity
  3. Increased global connectivity
  4. Enhance communication speed
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9
Q

Famous hobbyist group in the 1970s that fueled the early personal computing movement

A

Homebrew Computer Club

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10
Q

A club where the first Apple computer (Apple 1) showcased

A

Homebrew Computer Club

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11
Q

The impact of the information age on the accessibility of information

A

Increased information accessibility

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12
Q

The machine that became the
foundation of computer science

A

Universal Machine

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13
Q

Its invention later called the computer

A

Universal Machine

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14
Q

2 Potential challenges with information age

A
  1. Ethical concerns related to data privacy
  2. Increased reliance on technology
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15
Q

Developed the first powered solar system for industrial machinery

A

Augustine Mouchot

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16
Q

Involves a variety of habits and communities

A

Ecological diversity

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17
Q

A protocol established to phase out substances that deplete ozone

A

Montreal Protocol

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18
Q

A protocol set in place to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases, with the exception to ozone-depleting substances

A

Kyoto Protocol

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19
Q

an international agreement managing the movement of living modified organisms from one country to another.

A

Cartagena Protocol

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20
Q

➢ has direct impact on human health
➢ contributes to a balanced ecosystem
that supports food production and
medicine

A

Biodiversity

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21
Q

➢ Is the variety of life in the world or in a
particular habitat or ecosystem
➢ Its gain can stabilize ecosystems,
promote developmental progress, and
nutritional security

A

Biodiversity

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22
Q

Provides functioning ecosystems that supply oxygen, clean air and water, pollination of plants, pest control, wastewater treatment, and nutritional security

A

Biodiversity

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23
Q

4 ways to promote biodiversity conservation

A
  1. Decrease deforestation
  2. Regulation of use of pesticides
  3. Implement sustainable practices and
    support protected areas
  4. Conservation efforts
24
Q

A gummy substance from camel thorn that contains melezitose and sucrose

A

Manna

25
Q

During the 1800s to 1900s, especially during the Industrial Revolution, biomass such as wood and other organic materials continued to be a significant source of energy alongside the increasing use of coal.

A

Energy

26
Q

➢ Derived from opium poppy and used to relieve severe pain

A

Morphine

27
Q

A gene therapy treatment used to treat severe combined immunodeficiency due
to adenosine deaminase deficiency
(ADA-SCID)

A

Strimvelis

28
Q

Technique of inserting the DNA of
another species into an organism’s DNA so that organism gains a new trait

A

Genetic Engineering

29
Q

Altering DNA of an organism at the
molecular level

A

Genetic Engineering

30
Q

Main goal of genetic engineering

A

to cure or treat genetic disorders

31
Q

➢ Genetically modified crops such as BT
cotton have been developed to resist
certain pests, reducing the need for
chemical pesticides

➢ NOT ALL are harmful to the environment

➢ In 1997, European Union ruled in favor
of mandatory labelling on all GMO food
products including animal feed

A

Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)

32
Q

3 primary purposes of GMOs

A
  1. to enhance resistance to disease
  2. to increase crop yields
  3. to decrease vulnerability to pests
33
Q

Holds promise for treating genetic
disorders by introducing functional
genes or repairing defective ones within a patient’s cells

A

Gene Therapy

34
Q

Has impact on inherited genetic disorders

A

Gene Therapy

35
Q

The first 2 scientists to genetically modify an organism by combining genes from 2 different E. coli in 1973

A

Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen (BOYER AND COHEN)

36
Q

The year where the first scientists to genetically modify an organism by combining genes from 2 different E. coli

A

1973

37
Q

The first cloned animal

A

Dolly the Sheep (1996)

38
Q

➢ A field of research and innovation concerned with building things which are generally materials and devices on the scale of atoms and molecules

A

Nanotechnology

39
Q

➢ Properties are significantly different compared to bulk materials due to its increased relative surface area

➢ Imparts its importance in the field of medicine, agriculture, hydration technologies, etc.

A

Nanotechnology

40
Q

Nanotechnology is “C_________” because it brings together various fields of science through its innovations

A

Covergent

41
Q

2 applications of nanotechnology to medicine

A
  1. Development of biological simulation that destroys cancer cell activities using drug-bearing nanoparticles
  2. Enhancing diagnostic and
    therapeutic techniques at the
    molecular level
42
Q

Key challenge in the responsible integration of nanotechnology into society

A

Lack of interest in scientific advancements

43
Q

➢ Its development on Earth’s surfaces controls soil, air, and water contamination

➢ One breakthrough in agriculture

A

Ultra-small probes

44
Q

➢ Silicon oxides and aluminum oxides

➢ Have specific nanoporous cage-like structures that are used as molecular sieves

A

Zeolites

45
Q

3 common nano contaminants

A
  1. Battery waste
  2. Silver nanoparticles
  3. Fly ash
46
Q

3 causes of thermal inversion

A
  1. Freezing rain or ice storms
  2. Topography or man-made barriers
  3. Pollutants from different sources
47
Q

Contributes to addressing climate
change by encouraging responsible
behaviors and sustainable practices

A

Environment awareness

48
Q

3 potential consequences of continued climate change

A

➢ Rising sea levels
➢ Extreme weather events
➢ Disruptions to ecosystems

49
Q

Affects albedo, which is the ratio of light reflected by any part of the Earth’s atmosphere

A

Melting of ice

50
Q

Unusually cold ocean temperature in the Equatorial Pacific which causes increased numbers of tropical storms in the Pacific Ocean

A

La Niña

51
Q

Unusual warming of surface waters in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean

A

El Niño

52
Q

3 common greenhouse gases that occurs naturally

A
  1. CO2 (carbon dioxide)
  2. CH4 (methane)
  3. NOx (nitric oxides, nitrogen dioxide, ground-level ozone)
53
Q

Ozone that protects life from UV radiation from the sun

A

Stratospheric ozone

54
Q

Affects the synchronization of pollination for flowering plants

A

Ground level ozone

55
Q

What year did Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press?

A

1440

56
Q

Manna contains substances which are _______, _______

A

Melezitose and sucrose

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY (5 decks)

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