Angiosperms Flashcards Preview

BIOL 005B > Angiosperms > Flashcards

Flashcards in Angiosperms Deck (24)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

What are angiosperms?

A

Flowering plants with fruits

2
Q

What is special about angiosperms?

A

they are the most widespread and diverse plants

90% of all plants are angiosperms

3
Q

What is a flower?

A

a unique angiosperm structure specialized for Sexual Reproduction
houses reproductive organs
promotes pollination

4
Q

What is fruit?

A

mature ovary that surrounds seeds after fertilization
protects developing seeds
promotes seed dispersal

5
Q

What are the four specialized shoots in a flower?

A

sepals
petals
stamens
carpels

6
Q

What are sepals?

A
the "bud"
usually green and leaf-like
protects the developing buds
some open and close with temperature and season
they are sterile
7
Q

What are petals?

A

big and brightly colored, to attract pollinators
some are smaller, often in species that use wind to spread pollen
they are sterile

8
Q

What are stamens?

A

the male reproductive organs that make microspores (pollen, haploid gametophyte)

anther: makes pollen grains
filament: elevates anther to assist pollen dispersal

9
Q

What are carpels?

A

female reproductive organs that produce megaspores (haploid gametophyte)

stigma: pollen landing site
style: elevates stigma to aid pollination, connects ovary
ovary: surrounds ovule/seed

10
Q

What does radial symmetry allow?

A

pollinator can approach from any angle, meaning pollen can stick to animal anywhere

11
Q

What does bilateral symmetry allow?

A

forces animals to approach from only one direction, focusing pollen concentration

12
Q

What happens when the pollen grain lands on the stigma?

A

pollen tubes grow into ovary to deliver sperm
fertilization leads to development of the seed
initializes development of the ovary into fruit

13
Q

What happens after fertilization?

A

the ovary matures in fruit tissue

14
Q

What is dry fruit?

A

ovary becomes hard for protection, or specialized to allow wind dispersal of seeds
eg: beans, nuts, grains, grasses, dandelions

15
Q

What is fleshy fruit?

A

ovary besoms soft, and is often sweet and edible to promote animal dispersal
eg: fruits and veggies

16
Q

What are some adaptations to fruits to disperse seed?

A

wings (dry fruit), burrs (dry fruit), floating fruits, edible fruits

17
Q

How did increased symbiosis allow angiosperms to dominate the planet?

A

evolved more partnerships to increase survival
Flowers: targeted pollen delivery
Fruits: very effective seed dispersal
Mycorrhizae: angiosperms have more elaborate root systems which boost interactions with fungi

18
Q

How did better vascular tissues allow angiosperms to dominate the planet?

A

the vascular veins in angiosperms are much more efficient, employing vessel elements and sieve tube members

19
Q

How did rapid life cycles allow angiosperms to dominate the planet?

A

gymnosperms often take years to develop, while angiosperms often take weeks

20
Q

What are two subgroups of angiosperms clade?

A

monocots and eudicots

21
Q

What are monocots?

A

have one embryonic leaf (cotyledons)

22
Q

What are eudicots?

A

have two embryonic leaves

23
Q

What are the characteristics of monocots?

A
one cotyledon: embryo has one leaf
leaf vasculature: tends to be parallel
vascular bundles: complex pattern
roots: fibrous growth
flower parts: occur in multiples of 3
24
Q

What are the characteristics of eudicots?

A
two cotyledons: embryo has two leaves
leaf vasculature: branched network
vascular bundles: organized in rings
roots: large, central taproot
flower parts: occur in multiples of 4 or 5