Angiosperms (Plants) Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Angiosperms (Plants) Deck (21)
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1
Q

Difference between plants and animals

A

plants are stationary, photoautotrophic (produce own food) and have continuous growth
around 295000 species of plant exist

2
Q

4 main parts of plants

A
  1. roots
  2. stems
  3. leaves
  4. flowers
3
Q

roots

A
anchor
extract water and dissolved minerals from soil
3 types:
1. taproots
2. adventitious roots
3. fiborous roots
4
Q

taproots

A

grow deep

ensure steady supply of H2O in droughts

5
Q

adventitious roots

A

grow from stems that touch the ground
can survive when main root is removed
found in both monocots and dicots

6
Q

fibrous roots

A

plants that live beside or in water

7
Q

stems

A
support leaves so they can get sunlight
support flowers
store nutrients
contain xylem and phloem
4 types: simple, branched, upright, creeping
8
Q

underground food storage organs

A

tubers, bulbs, corms, rhizomes

produce suckers, shoots, stolons, runners (adventitious roots) and tendrils (attach to nearby objects for support)

9
Q

leaves

A

blade: flat and thin- maximize ability to absorb energy from sun
petiole/stalk: turn leaf over during day and make sure leaf is always facing sun
stomata- CO2 is taken in and O2 and H2O vapour eliminated
veins: bundles of vascular tissue

10
Q

arrangement of leaves

A
allows for maximum exposure to sun
larges leaves closest to the ground (don't block smaller leaves)
3 types of arrangements:
1. opposite
2. alternate
3. whorled
11
Q

how to describe a plant based on leaf

A

shape and type of margin/ledge of leaf

shape: lanceolate, oval, cordate, triangular
edge: entire, serrated, undulate, lobed

12
Q

flowers

A

responsible for reproduction
pistil: stigma, style, ovary and ovule
stamen: anther and filament
seeds:
produced after reproduction, contain embryo and food to nourish embryo
cover protects embryo
cotyledons (seed leaves) provide food until fully formed
most common seeds come from flowering plants

13
Q

classification of flowering plants

A

used to be classified based on size/growth form until Linnaeus came up with new system- classified as tree, herb or vine
Linnaeus called them flowering plants
subdivided into monocots and dicots

14
Q

embryo

A

monocot: single cotyledon (monocotlyledonae)
dicot: 2 cotyledons (dicotlyledonae)

15
Q

pollen

A

monocot: single furrow or pore
dicot: 3 furrows or pores

16
Q

flower parts

A

monocot: multiples of 3
dicot: multiples of 4 or 5

17
Q

leaf veins

A

monocot: parallel
dicot: reticulated

18
Q

vascular bundles

A

monocot: scattered bundles
dicot: bundles in a ring

19
Q

roots

A

monocot: arise adventitiously from nodes in stem, “prop” roots when clustered near bottom of stem, usually develop fibrous roots
dicot: develop from radicle (found in lower end of embryo)- apical meristem continues to provide root tissue, usually develop tap foods

20
Q

secondary growth

A

monocot: absent- don’t produce wood (palm trees produce a substitute)
dicot: often present- produce wood and bark which increases diameter of stem

21
Q

cotyledons

A

seed leaves produced by embryo

absorb nutrients packaged in seed until seedling develops leaves and begins photosynthesis