Anglo Saxons - Rebellions Flashcards
(29 cards)
What were the consequences of the Revolt of Edwin and Morcar?
- William built castles in Warwick and Nottingham to show force. Edwin and Morcar were quick to surrender.
- Edgar Atheling escaped back to Scotland.
- More revolts began around the country.
What did William do to Edwin and Morcar following the revolts?
He pardoned them and kept them as guests in his court.
He did this to keep them under control.
They both escaped in 1071 when they thought William would imprison them.
What were the reasons for the revolt of Edwin and Morcar?
Anglo-Saxon chronicles said William “gave away every man’s land”. He had reduced their earldom sizes.
William broke off his promise that Edwin could marry his daughter.
Odo and Fitzosbern were “land grabs” occured throughout the country (including violence).
William put heavy geld tax on the people.
What happened to York following the Uprising in York in 1069?
William made William Fitzosbern the castellan (castle leader) of York.
He thought that Fitzosbern could better keep the North under control.
York was completely flattened which took years to be re-established.
He then returned from battle to celebrate Easter in Winchester soon after.
What caused the uprising in York in 1069?
Robert Cumin, the newly appointed earl of Northumbria, was killed when he was on his way to Durham by looters.
This began an uprising and soon other rebels joined such as Edgar Atheling.
Which rebellion was the last large scale rebellion by Anglo-Saxons?
Hereward the Wake at Ely in 1070
It used tactics of simply dealing with the rebels rather than killing innocent civilians.
How were the Danes involved in the rebellion of Hereward the Wake at Ely?
They joined forces with Hereward in Peterborough abbey. However, whereas Hereward wanted to save the treasure, the Danes stole it all and sailed back to Denmark.
Who was Hereward the wake? Why was he given that name?
He had returned from Flanders where he had been fighting as a mercenary to discover his land had been seized and given to a Norman.
His name “the wake” was given to him as he supposedly never slept.
What was the effect of the rebellion at Ely in 1070?
William removed any Anglo-Saxon aristocracy as he no longer trusts them.
What was the consequence of the Anglo-Danish attack on York in 1069?
The Harrying of the North.
100,000 innocent people killed or starved to death. Farms, crops and livestock burnt or slaughtered. Salt sown into field to prevent crops from growing.
It was brutal but effective.
How were the Danes involved in the Anglo-Danish attack on York in 1069?
King Sweyn of Denmark had sent large fleets of ships to invade.
William later pays them a large sum of money to leave.
This was a huge threat due to the Danelaw taking up a lot of the country,
What happened to York the Anglo-Danish attack on Yorkshire in 1069?
60% of Yorkshire was just waste without livestock.
There was no economic activity.
These discoveries were made by the Domesday book in 1085.
What was impactful about the Anglo-Danish attack on York in 1069?
The combined force of Danes and rebels loyal to Edgar Atheling meant that around 3,000 Normans were killed.
Both castles in York were destroyed.
Where did the Danes retreat to in the Anglo-Danish attack on York in 1069?
They retreated back to Lincolnshire.
They were often protected by the marshland.
Following the Anglo-Danish attack on York in 1069, where else did rebellions begin?
Devon, Shrewsbury, Chester.
What was important about the Revolt of the Earls of 1075?
It was the first revolt where 2 Norman’s went against the king.
Roger de Breteuil (Norman, Hereford) and Ralph de Gael (Norman. East Anglia) and Waltheof (Anglo Saxon, Northumbria).
It also showed Anglo Saxons defending William from these rebellions.
Why did the Revolt of the Earls of 1075 occur?
The earls had:
- Lost land
- Lost privileges
- Lost power
Why did the 2 Normans get Waltheof on board in the Revolt of the Earls of 1075?
He had strong ties to the Danes in case they need backup.
They told him their plans on Ralph’s engagement to Roger de Breteuil’s sister, Emma.
What were the key features of the Revolt of the Earls of 1075?
Waltheof informs Lanfranc (currently ruling England while William is away in Normandy)
Lanfranc tries to persuade Roger because his father (William Fitzosbern) was loyal to William.
Anglo-Saxons joined rebellion to prevent their troops from leaving their earldoms.
What did William learn from the Revolt of the Earls of 1075?
- William knew had to be careful with his own earls.
- Saxons were showing support
Where did the revolters go after the revolt of the Earls in 1075?
- Ralph escaped to Brittany whilst his wife stayed in Norwich until she could leave too.
- Waltheof fled abroad and was falsely told by william that he would be forgiven if he came back to England. He was then imprisoned and later killed in 1076.
- Roger was imprisoned for life.
How were the Danes involved in the revolt of the Earls in 1075?
King Sweyn put together a fleet of 200 ships. Led by Cnut (son of Sweyn) and Earl Hakon.
However, they:
- Arrived too late.
- Did not invade, raided up East Coast and Ransacked York Cathedral.
What occured in the revolt against Tostig in 1065 and why?
Northumbrians and Thegns revolted against Tostig because Tostig took advantage of his power.
For example, he was close allies with Malcolm II from Scotland and would let him invade his earldom of Northumbria,
Why was the revolt against Tostig in 1065 significant in Harold becoming king?
Harold did not stand up for his brother. This gave him a lot of popularity among Northumbrians.
