Animal Adaptations Flashcards
(37 cards)
_____ is the maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment in a varying external environment
Homeostasis
_____ is the limited range of maximum and minimum physiological tolerances in which an organism can operate
Homeostatic Plateau
_____ is the property of a control system to use its output as part of input
Feedback
_____ Feedback is when deviation in the controlled quantity that is counterbalanced by the control system
Negative Feedback
_____ Feedback is when deviation in a controlled quantity is further amplified
Positive Feedback
______ is internal heat production
Endothermy
_____ is the process of obtaining heat from sources outside the body
Ectothermy
_____ are organisms who use endothermy to regulate body temperature
Homeotherms
_____ are organisms who use ectothermy to regulate body temperatures
poikilotherms
_____ are organisms who use both endo and ectothermy to regulate body temperatures
Heterotrophs
_____ Tradeoff is the maintenance of activity despite external conditions, requires substantial amount of energy
Endothermy Tradeoff
_____ Tradeoff is the restricted activity to a smaller range of temperatures, energy that would be used for heat production can be used for growth and reproduction
Ectothermy Tradeoff
a _____ is the internal mechanisms in organisms used to control the periodicity of various functions or activities
Biological Clock
_____ is when organisms adjust to their environment
acclimation
_____ is the ability of an organism with a given genotype to change its phenotype in response to changes in its environment
Phenotypic Plastic Response
_____ physical arrangement of arteries and veins to allow transfer of heat
- can heat or cool
Countercurrent Heat Exchange
_____: a broadly distributed species (for Claude) will have a larger body size at higher (colder) latitudes
Bergman’s Rule
larger organisms have (more/less) surface area
more
why do small organisms retain less heat?
They have less surface area
_____: shorter limbs in colder environments
Allen’s Rule
_____ is the study of the relationship between body size and the shape, anatomy, physiology, and behavior of an organism
Allometry
_____: because metabolic rate and population density scale allometrically with mass, the energy used by any population will be the same across all animals despite differences in body size
- energy use is invariant with body size
Energetic Equivalence Rule
_____ changes with body size
Energy Utilization
a _____ is an organism that eats plants
Herbivore
