Exam 3: Predation

Question 1

What is the HSS model?

Answer 1

The HSS model, also known as the “world is green” model, explains that one organism has direct influences on another and affects another organism through a shared taxa

Question 2

the _____, also known as the “world is green” model, explains that one organism has direct influences on another and affects another organism through a shared taxa (indirect)

Answer 2

HSS Model

Question 3

What are secondary compounds?

Answer 3

Secondary Compounds are chemicals that are not involved in basic metabolism

Question 4

_____ are chemicals that are not involved in basic metabolism

Answer 4

Secondary Compounds

Question 5

What is Batesian Mimicry?

Answer 5

Batesian Mimicry is the resemblance of a palatable or harmless species (the mimic) to an unpalatable or dangerous model

Question 6

_____ is the resemblance of a palatable or harmless species (the mimic) to an unpalatable or dangerous model

Answer 6

Batesian Mimicry

Question 7

What is Mullerian Mimicry?

Answer 7

Mullerian Mimicry is many unpalatable or dangerous species sharing a similar color pattern

Question 8

_____ is many unpalatable or dangerous species sharing a similar color pattern

Answer 8

Mullerian Mimicry

Question 9

What is Aggresive Mimicry?

Answer 9

Aggressive Mimicry is when the predator mimics the prey

Question 10

_____ is when the predator mimics the prey

Answer 10

Agressive Mimicry

Question 11

What are the 3 types of mimicry?

Answer 11

1. Batesian
2. Mullerian
3. Aggressive

Question 12

What is the Neutral Population Cycle?

Answer 12

neutral oscillation where amplitude of wavelengths won’t be changing

Question 13

What is a Type III Functional Response?

Answer 13

A Type III Functional Response is when a predator switches its consumption from one prey species to a more abundant prey species

Question 14

A Type _____ Functional Response believes that the density of prey is linearly dependent on the amount of prey eaten by the predator
- results in a linear relationship

Answer 14

Type I

Question 15

A Type ___ Functional Response takes satiation and prey running away into account when discussing the relationship between prey density and prey mortality
- predators cause maximum mortality at low prey density.

Answer 15

Type II

Question 16

A Type ____ Functional Response displays percentage of prey instead of number, claiming that when theres low amounts of prey the predator will switch to a more abundant prey

Answer 16

Type III

Question 17

What is Optimal Foraging Strategy?

Answer 17

The Optimal Foraging Theory is the tendency for animals to harvest food efficiently by selecting prey sizes or food patches that supply maximum prey intake for energy expended

Question 18

the _____ is the tendency fir animals to harvest food efficiently by selecting prey sizes or food patches that supply maximum prey intake for energy expended

Answer 18

Optimal Foraging Strategy

Question 19

What is the Marginal Value Theorem?

Answer 19

The Marginal Value Theorem determines when a predator should leave a prey patch and move to a new patch

Question 20

What is a Numerical Response?

Answer 20

A Numerical Response is the change in size of a predator population due to changes in size of prey populations

Question 21

a _____ response is the change in size of a predator population due to changes in size of prey populations

Answer 21

Numerical Response

Question 22

What is Optimal Foraging Strategy?

Answer 22

The Optimal Foraging Theory is the tendency for animals to harvest food efficiently by selecting prey sizes or food patches that supply maximum prey intake for energy expended

Question 23

What is the Red Queen Hypothesis?

Answer 23

The Red Queen Hypothesis, for an evolutionary system, is the continuing development needed to maintain its fitness relative to species that it is coevolving with

Question 24

the _____, for an evolutionary system, is the continuing development needed to maintain its fitness relative to species that it is coevolving with

Answer 24

Red Queen Hypothesis

Question 25

What is intraguild predation?

Answer 25

Intraguild Predation is the consumption of a species that uses the same prey

Question 26

_____ is the consumption of a species that uses the same prey

Answer 26

Intraguild Predation

Question 27

Describe several different types of prey defenses against predators and give an example of each. (8)

Answer 27

1. Chemical Defense 2. Camouflage: hiding 3. Aggression 4. Warning Coloration 5. Deceptive Coloration 6. Structures: spikes, shells 7. Run away 8. Flocking

Question 28

_____ eat meat

Answer 28

Carnivores

Question 29

_____ eat plants

Answer 29

Herbivores

Question 30

_____ eat both plants and meat

Answer 30

Omnivores

Question 31

_____ is eating the same species

Answer 31

Cannibalism

Question 32

Does cannibalism happen in plants?

Answer 32

NO

Question 33

What rules might an animal use to make a decision on how long to forage in a give resource path and for how long?

Answer 33

1. Prey grow exponentially in the absence of predators 2. predators will starve in the absence of prey 3. predators can consume infinite numbers of prey

Question 34

Graphically illustrate an example of the three way interaction between a carnivore, a herbivore and a plant (the world is green hypothesis).

Answer 34

Plants (-)> Herbivores (-)> Predators (+)> plants

Question 35

Explain how a plant is affected by both direct and indirect interactions in a three way interaction between a carnivore, herbivore and plant.

Answer 35

The herbivores will eat the plants which is a negative. The predators will eat the herbivores which is a negative. However, the predators consumption of the herbivores creates a positive effect for the plants because they are decreasing their level of predation.

Question 36

Does cannibalism happen in plants?

Answer 36

NO

Question 37

How can cannibalism lead to equilibrium?

Answer 37

The larger adults eat the babies and smaller ones, getting rid of and preventing population explosions