animal and plant cells Flashcards
(25 cards)
What is the structure of the cell membrane?
Built out of protein and phospholipid (type of fat containing phosphorus) molecules. Protects the cell.
What is the function of the cell membrane?
Controls the movement of substances (eg. water, food an mineral salt molecules) into and out of the cell. Molecules move across the cell membrane by the process of osmosis.
What is the structure of the cell wall?
In plant cells, the cell membrane is surrounded by a cell wall that is non-living and rigid. It is made of carbohydrates called cellulose. Small openings called pits occur in the cell wall.
What is the function of the cell wall?
Gives support to the cell, makes the cell rigid. protects the cell membrane. Pits facilitate the movement of molecules across the cell wall.
What is protoplasm?
All the liquid inside the cell, including cytoplasm and nucleoplasm.
What is the cytoplasm?
Cytoplasm is all the liquid inside a cell excluding the liquid inside the nucleus (nucleoplasm).
What are chloroplasts?
Contain green coloured molecules called chlorophyll (this is the reason plants are green in colour)
What is the function of chloroplasts?
Chlorophyll absorbs the sun’s radiant energy, which is converted into chemical potential energy during photosynthesis, when glucose sugar is formed.
What do leucoplasts do?
Store food for plants in the form of starch.
What is the function of chromoplasts?
Produce color in plants, such as the bright colors of flower petals.
What is the structure of vacuoles in plant cells?
Large fluid-filled cell organelle in plant cell
fluid inside called cell sap. Cell sap contains water and dissolved nutrient molecules
surrounded by a membrane called the tonoplast.
In animal cells vacuoles are much smaller and are called vesicles
What is the function of vacuoles?
Store water and nutrients, and gives the cell shape due to the outward pressure of the cell sap inside the vacuole.
What is the structure of the nucleus?
Surrounded by a double nuclear membrane
contains fluid called nucleoplasm
contains a nucleolus
Contains the chromatin network or chromosomes.
What is the function of the nucleus?
The chromatin network or chromosomes are the Control center of each cell
The chromatin network or chromosomes control how each cell functions (in other words, control all cell chemical reactions)
The chromatin network or chromosomes control the structure of each cell
The chromatin network or chromosomes contain inherited characteristics such as eye colour and hair colour, these are inherited from the organism’s parents
What is the structure of mitochondria?
Surrounded by a double membrane.
What is the function of mitochondria?
Supplies the cell with energy through the process of respiration.
What is the structure of the endoplasmic reticulum?
Consists of membranes forming interconnecting channels through the cell, some have ribosomes attached.
What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?
Manufacture, storage, and transport of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins
(food molecules) in the cell.
What is the structure of ribosomes?
Small granules found in cytoplasm and sometimes attached to endoplasmic reticulum.
What is the function of ribosomes?
Manufacture proteins for the cell.
What is the structure of the Golgi apparatus?
Consists of a stack of closed membranes each forming a container.
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
Collects protein, lipids (type of fat), and carbohydrate molecules from the endoplasmic reticulum and distributes them to different parts of the cell.
What are the differences between plant and animal cells?
Plant cells have a cell wall, animal cells dont have a cell wall
large vacuoles present in plant cell, small vacuoles called vesicles are found in animal cells
chloroplasts present, no chloroplast
leucoplasts present, no leucoplast
chromoplasts present, no chromoplast
no polyribosomes, polyribosomes present plant cells have a square or rectangular cell shape, Cell shape flexible and can change shape.
What is nucleoplasm?
Nucleoplasm includes all the liquid inside the nucleus
