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Biology > Animal Co-ordination, Control And Homeostatis > Flashcards

Animal Co-ordination, Control And Homeostatis Flashcards

(47 cards)

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1
Q

What is a hormone?

A

Chemical messages produced by endocrine glands and released directly into the blood stream

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2
Q

How does the hormone get to the target organ?

A

Hormone produced from gland

Diffuses into blood

Blood carries hormone to target organ

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3
Q

Pituitary gland

A

Produces many hormones

Regulates body conditions

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4
Q

Thyroid gland

A

Produces thyroxine

Regulating metabolic rate + heart rate

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5
Q

Adrenal gland

A

Produces adrenaline

Fight or flight

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6
Q

Ovaries

A

Produces oestrogen

Menstrual cycle

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7
Q

Testes

A

Produces testosterone

Controls puberty + sperm production

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8
Q

Pancreas

A

Produces insulin

Regulates blood glucose levels

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9
Q

What does adrenaline do?

A

Increases heart rate + blood pressure
Because heart muscles contract more rapidly

Increases blood flow to the muscles

Stimulates liver changing glycogen into glucose
(Raises blood sugar levels)

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10
Q

Negative feedback

A

Body detects level above/below normal level, triggering response, bringing levels back to normal

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11
Q

Negative feedback regulates…

A

Thyroxine levels

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12
Q

What happens when thyroxine levels are low?

A
  • stimulates TRH production in hypothalamus
  • stimulates pituitary gland, realising TSH
  • TSH stimulates thyroid gland to release thyroxine
  • thyroxine levels increase
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13
Q

What happens when thyroxine levels are too high?

A

TRH production in hypothalamus is inhibited

Reducing production of TSH

Thyroxine levels decrease to normal level

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14
Q

What happens day 1-5 of menstrual cycle?

A

Menstruation happens

Lining of uterus breaks down
Because of low levels oestrogen and progesterone

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15
Q

What happens day 5-14 of menstrual cycle?

A

Uterus lining starts to thicken

Because of oestrogen

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16
Q

What happens day 14 of menstrual cycle?

A

LH surge stimulates ovulation

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17
Q

What happens day 14-25 of menstrual cycle?

A

If no fertilised egg has landed on uterus, spongy layer breaks down again

The cycle restarts

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18
Q

Role of FSH

A

Made in pituitary gland

Helps egg mature before ovulation

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19
Q

Role of oestrogen

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A

Made in ovaries

Causes uterus lining to thicken

20
Q

Role of LH

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A

Made in pituitary gland

LH surge stimulates ovulation

21
Q

Role of progesterone

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A

Made in corpus luteum

Maintains lining of uterus

22
Q

What’s ovulation?

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A

Ovary releases egg

23
Q

Contraception methods

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A

Hormone (combined pill)

Contraceptive patch

Condom

Diaphram

24
Q

What does the combined pill + contraceptive patch do?

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A

Releases hormones (oestrogen+progesterone), preventing ovulation

Thickens mucus around the cervix

Prevents sperm reaching the vagina

25
What does a condom do?
Prevents fertilisation + pregnancy
26
What does a diaphragm do?
Silicone dome which covers the cervix Keeping sperm out of he uterus
27
Success rate for hormonal contraception
99%
28
Success rate for condom
98%
29
Success rate for diaphragm
92% - 96%
30
Cons of hormonal contraception
Headaches Acne STI’s
31
What does ART stand for?
Assisted reproductive technology
32
Clomifene therapy
Infertile women take the hormone Causing FSH and LH production, stimulating ovulation
33
IVF (in vitro fertilisation)
FSH + LH given before egg collection (stimulate egg production) Egg is collected and fertilised w/ sperm in a lab Embryo transferred back into uterus
34
Homeostasis
Maintaining constant internal environment
35
How can you control blood glucose levels?
Insulin Glucagon
36
What do you add if blood glucose levels are too HIGH?
Insulin
37
What do you add if blood glucose levels are too LOW?
Glucagon
38
How does insulin balance blood glucose levels?
Pancreas produces insulin Insulin causes cells to remove glucose form the blood Liver converts glucose into glycogen + stores it Homeostasis took place
39
How does glucagon balance blood glucose levels?
Pancreas releases glucagon into bloodstream Glucagon triggers liver cells Converting glycogen stores into glucose Glucose released into the blood
40
Diabetes type 1
Pancreas doesn’t work properly Lack on insulin produced
41
Diabetes type 2
Pancreas doesn’t produce enough insulin
42
Symptom of diabetes
Thirsty Hunger Fatigue Urination Loss of weight
43
Treatment for type 1 diabetes
Insulin injection before meals
44
Treatment for type 2 diabetes
Balanced diet Exercise
45
What’s the correlation between obesity and type 2 diabetes?
People whom are obese are more likely to become diabetic
46
What is classed obese?
BMI = over 30
47
BMI
Mass / (height)2

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