Ecosystems And Material Cycle

Question 1

What are the different levels of organisation?

Answer 1

Individual
Population
Community
Ecosystem

Question 2

Describe individual

Answer 2

Single organism

Question 3

Describe population

Answer 3

One species in a habitat

Question 4

Community

Answer 4

Different species in a habitat

Question 5

Ecosystems

Answer 5

Community of organisms, along w/ abiotic factors

Question 6

What is abiotic?

Answer 6

Non-living factors in an ecosystem

Affecting distribution of organisms

Question 7

What is biotic factors?

Answer 7

Living organisms in an ecosystem

Question 8

Examples of abiotic

Answer 8

Temperature

Light

Water

Pollutants

Question 9

Examples biotic

Answer 9

Competition

Predation

Question 10

What is interdependence?

Answer 10

How individual species are dependant on each other for resources

Question 11

What does conservation mean?

Answer 11

Effort made to protect rare/endangered species

Question 12

How can we conserve biodiversity?

Answer 12

Reforestation

Ecotourism

Ensuring minimal damage to food chain

Question 13

What’s reforestation?

Answer 13

Replanting trees

Question 14

How do you get higher biodiversity by reforestation?

Answer 14

Variety species of trees

Question 15

What’s ecotourism?

Answer 15

Brings money to help conserve biodiversity areas

Question 16

How does ensuring minimal damage on the food chain conserve biodiversity?

Answer 16

Conserving 1 species can help others survive

Question 17

Name human interactions within the ecosystem

Answer 17

Fish farming

Eutrophication

Introduction to non-indigenous species

Question 18

Positive of fish farming

Answer 18

• can be treated for diseases

- protected by predators

Question 19

Negative of fish farming

Answer 19

• waste sinks to seabed = eutrophication

- disease can spread easily

Question 20

What does eutrophication do to biodiversity?

Answer 20

Reduce it

Question 21

Explain eutrophication

Answer 21

1. More nitrates added (fertiliser enters water)
2. Excess nitrates blocks sun, producing algae
3. Plants cant photosynthesise = death+decompose
4. Decompose(food for micro-organisms)
   Micro-organisms increase (using more oxygen)
5. Lack of oxygen = fish death

Question 22

Water cycle

Answer 22

Evaporation 
Condensation 
Precipitation 
Transpiration 
Surface run-off 
Percolation 
Groundwater through flow

Question 23

Bacteria found in nitrogen cycle

Answer 23

Nitrogen-fixing

Decomposers

Nitrifying

Denitrifying

Question 24

Nitrogen fixing

Answer 24

Nitrogen gas —> nitrates

Question 25

Decomposers

Answer 25

Protein —> ammonia

Question 26

Nitrifying bacteria

Answer 26

Ammonia —> protein

Question 27

Denitrifying bacteria

Answer 27

Nitrates —> nitrogen gas

Question 28

What does the introduction on ingenious species do to biodiversity?

Answer 28

Reduces it

Question 28

Con of the introduction of non-indigenous species

Answer 28

Both compete for survival Eventually indigenous species will die out Non-indigenous species bring diseases

Question 29

What does lightening do? (Nitrogen cycle)

Answer 29

Provide energy for nitrogen and oxygen into nitrates in the soil

Question 30

Where is nitrogen fixing bacteria found?

Answer 30

Root nodule of a legume

Question 31

What takes up nitrates in the soil?

Answer 31

Roots of plants

Question 32

What do decomposes do to dead organisms?

Answer 32

They turn the proteins of the dead organisms into ammonium compound

Question 33

How is carbon released into the air via plant respiration?

Answer 33

Carbon in glucose is converted into carbon dioxide

Question 34

How is there carbon in trees?

Answer 34

Plants take in CO2 from atmosphere | Converting it into glucose

Question 35

How is carbon found in animals?

Answer 35

From animals eating the plants

Question 36

How does animal respiration produce carbon dioxide into the atmosphere?

Answer 36

Carbon in glucose converted into CO2 in atmosphere

Question 37

What happens when a plant dies? (Carbon cycle)

Answer 37

Decomposition

Question 38

How is carbon found in dead organisms?

Answer 38

Organisms (e.g animals) contain carbon form eating plants, therefore, carbon is still present in the dead organism

Question 39

How does decay in bacteria / respiration of decomposers contribute to the carbon cycle?

Answer 39

Decomposers break down carbon in dead organisms Converts carbon into CO2 during respiration

Question 40

How is there carbon in fossil fuels?

Answer 40

Fossilisation is formed by the head and pressure of dead organisms

Question 41

How does combustion contribute to the carbon cycle?

Answer 41

When fossil fuels are being burnt... Carbon is converted into CO2

Question 42

What’s the equation for combustion?

Answer 42

Hydrocarbon + oxygen —> CO2 + H2O

Question 43

What are the 7 stages of the water cycle?

Answer 43

Evaporation Condensation Precipitation Transpiration Surface run-off Percolation Groundwater through flow

Question 44

Define potable water

Answer 44

Suitable for drinking

Question 45

How can one produce potable water during a drought?

Answer 45

Desalination

Question 46

Define desalination

Answer 46

Removing mineral ions from sea water

Question 47

Types of desalination

Answer 47

Distillation Reverse osmosis

Question 48

Describe distillation

Answer 48

Water boiled Evaporated Salt left at the bottom Water condenses (pure water)