Animal Husbandry 1 Flashcards
(27 cards)
Define wildlife
Any animal that lives in the wild or did so before death
What are some animal products
Insulin(drug) Gelatine Anitvenom (sheep and horse) Shellfish Recombinant bioactive proteins
Define animal husbandry
Animal connected to the house
Science of caring and breeding farm animals
Define domestication
Framing of animal to live in association with humans
Done by generations of breeding leading to loss of ability toe live in wild
How long ago did domestication occur
10,000 years ago
What responsibilities are taken on by humans through domestication
Breeding
Husbandry
What happens to rate of evolution through domestication
Rate is higher
Short cuts evolution
What is a darwin(r)
Phenotypic change equivocal to a factor of e over 1 million years
r = weight now - before / time
What is natural Darwin
And livestock Darwin
0.1 - 400
380,000
What was the first species to be domesticated
Dog
15,000-50,000 years ago
Approx how long ago were other species domesticated
8-10 thousand years ago
Define livestock
Any animal kept for production
Wool
Milk
Work
Size changes due to domestication
Initially reduce in size (easier to manage)
Reach puberty sooner
Size increases over time
What is significant about smaller grazers
More efficient than larger grazers (due to bite size and gut surface area)
What happens to dimensions as animal grown
Increased volume
Increased surface area
Increased bite size
Increased requirement for food
Skeletal changes in domesticated animal
Reduce muscle of fore quarters (initially used for fighting)
Increased muscle of hind quarters
Shorter flatter skull - human preference
Fat deposition changes in domesticated animal
Increased fat
Deer - 10%
Pig - 40%
Animals selected for meat have more fat within muscle and subcutaneous
Wild - more fat in abdomen
What are 3 types of muscle
Red type 1 - slow oxidative
Type 2 white fast oxidative glycolytic
Type 2b white fast anaerobic
What is change in muscle composition. When domesticated
Increase in type 2
For muscle mass
Change in organ size due to domestication
Reduced
Except race horse
What are ruminants known as in terms of family
Pecorans
What is the family of ruminant mammals
Bovidae
What is bos
Genus of domesticated cattle
What separates bos Taurus and bos indicus
Region of domestication
