Animal Nutrition

Question 1

herbivore

Answer 1

animal that eats only plants or parts of plants

Question 2

omnivore

Answer 2

animal that eats plants, animals or dead animal flesh

Question 3

carnivore

Answer 3

animal that eats only other animals or the remains of other
animals

Question 4

There are four main types of teeth found in animals namely

Answer 4

■incisors
■canines
■premolars
■molars

Question 5

incisors

Answer 5

 chisel-shaped
 used for biting or cutting of food

Question 6

canines

Answer 6

 pointed
 used for catching, holding, tearing and/or killing prey

Question 7

premolars

Answer 7

 flat and uneven
 used for grinding and crushing food

Question 8

molars

Answer 8

 flat and uneven
 used for grinding and crushing food

Question 9

carnassial teeth

Answer 9

 specialised molars and pre-molars with jagged, triangular
edges
 used for cutting meat

Question 11

herbivores

Answer 11

 use incisors to cut the plant material
 usually lack canines
 use molars and premolars to grind food

Question 12

carnivores

Answer 12

 use incisors to slice or shred meat
 large, well-developed canines used for catching, holding
and tearing meat
 molars and premolars are modified to form carnassial
teeth

Question 13

omnivores

Answer 13

 have teeth that are modified for eating both plant material
and meat similar to those in humans

Question 14

Homeostasis

Answer 14

The maintenance of a constant internal environment in the body

Question 15

Insulin

Answer 15

Hormone secreted by the partner pancreas and responsible for decreasing the glucose concentration in the blood

Question 16

Glycogon

Answer 16

The form in which glucose is stored in the human body

Question 17

Glycogen

Answer 17

Hormone secreted by the pancreas are responsible for increasing the glucose concentration in the blood

Question 18

Diabetes mellitus

Answer 18

A metabolic disease characterized by high glucose levels In the blood

Question 19

Balanced diet

Answer 19

A diet which contains all the necessary nutrients in correct quantities

Question 20

mouth
cavity

Answer 20

The mouth cavity consists of many parts:
 Teeth which break down and grind food
 Tongue which mixes food and is used for swallowing of food
 Hard and soft palate which forms the roof of the mouth
 Salivary glands release saliva which contains enzymes (called
carbohydrases) to chemically break down carbohydrates

Question 21

pharynx &
oesophagus

Answer 21

 After food is swallowed (now called the bolus), it moves into the
pharynx which is the tube used to take in food and air
 The food moves down to the larynx where the epiglottis (a
cartilage flap) stops food from going into the trachea
 Food goes down the oesophagus
 The oesophagus pushes food down to the stomach by peristalsis

Question 22

stomach

Answer 22

 The stomach is a muscular sac with thick walls
 It churns the food and mixes it with gastric juice (hydrochloric acid
– HCl) and enzymes (this mixture is called chyme)
 The stomach has two sphincters (a ring of muscles to close a
tube) to keep both openings to the stomach closed while food is
being digested

Question 23

liver & gall
bladder

Answer 23

 Liver cells produce bile which is stored in the gall bladder until
being released into the duodenum of the small intestine
 Bile has a number of functions in digestion:
o Bile emulsifies large fat globules into small fat droplets which
aids digestion
o It neutralises the acidic fluid (chyme) which comes from the
stomach
o It promotes peristalsis in the small intestine
o It acts as an antiseptic which prevents decay of food
particles in the small intestine

Question 24

pancreas

Answer 24

 Secretes pancreatic juices which digest carbohydrates, proteins
and lipids in the small intestine (exocrine gland).
 Also neutralises chyme from the stomach
 Controls blood glucose levels in the body (endocrine gland)

Question 25

small intestine

Answer 25

 The small intestine in humans is 6 m long and divided into three regions: duodenum; jejunum and ileum  Duodenum is the first portion which receives bile from the liver and pancreatic juices from the pancreas  Jejunum is the middle portion which secretes intestinal juices  Duodenum is the final portion which is the region of most absorption in the small intestine

Question 26

colon

Answer 26

 The colon (also called the large intestine) is divided into three regions: ascending colon, transverse colon and descending colon  Most water and mineral salts are absorbed in the colon  The descending colon leads to the rectum followed by the anus where undigested food is egested