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Animal Nutrition- Mammals Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

What does a balanced diet consist of

A 
carbs
proteins
lipids
inorganic nutritions
water
vitamins
fiber
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2
Q

What is digestion

A

when starch and proteins are broken down to smaller, more digestible molecules that can be taken up in the blood

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3
Q

Browser herbivores

A

eat foliage from trees and shrubs like elephant and giraffe

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4
Q

Grazer herbivores

A

eat grass like buck cattle and sheep

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5
Q

Food type of herbivores

A

plant foliage, roots and underground stems, seeds, and fruit

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6
Q

What are carnivores

A

predators and scavenger

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7
Q

What do predators do

A

hunt for prey, catch them and eat them like snakes and lions and eagles

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8
Q

What do scavengers do

A

eat off carcass once the predators have eaten their fill e.g hyenas, vultures, and jackals

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9
Q

What are omnivores

A

eat plants and animals like people apes baboons and pigs

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10
Q

Food types of omnivores

A

plant leaves, vegetables, fruit, nuts, eggs, and meat

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11
Q

Teeth of omnivores

A

teeth are of a similar shape and size, incisors, canines, premolars, and molars

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12
Q

Stomach of omnivores

A

Well developed stomach with gastric juice to digest proteins and fats

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13
Q

Energy relationships

A

Tertiary consumers consume the least amount of food as the diet is rich in all the nutrients required, especially proteins

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14
Q

Reasons for nutrition

A

Food provides energy so that the body can function
Food provides nutrition for the growth of cells and tissue
Food provides nutrition for the repair of cells and tissue

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15
Q

what is the mouth

A

is a cavity that is lined with a mucus membrane. The food is broken down into smaller molecules using the teeth and the tongue and mixed with saliva to form a bolus

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16
Q

What is a palate

A

is hard at the front and soft at the back
During the break down of the food molecules, the tongue presses the food against the palate which assists with the breaking with the breaking up

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17
Q

Salivary glands

A

The production of saliva is the first physiological process that takes place when food enters the body
Saliva is secreted by salivary glands.
Saliva consists of water, mineral salts, and enzymes. The food particles dissolve in the water so that the taste buds can be activated. It also keeps the mouth he mouth moist. Salivary amylase is found in saliva that breaks down starch into sucrose

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18
Q

Function of saliva

A

It is a lubricant. It mixes with the dry food to moisten it so that the bolus that is formed can be swallowed easily

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19
Q

Function of saliva

A

Serves as a lubricant. It mixes with the dry food to moisten it so that the bills that formed can be swallowed easily

Serve as a solvent for food molecules. Chemical resettled are activated so that a person can taste the food

It contains amylase that helps to digest starch

It keeps the mouth moist st that a person can talk

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20
Q

Mastication meaning

A

Food is ouu physically broken down in the mouth by the teeth into smaller molecules

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21
Q

Four types of teeth

A

Molars( back teeth)

Premolars ( bicuspids)

Canines ( eye teeth )

Incisors ( front teeth)

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22
Q

Four types of teeth

A

Molars( back teeth)

Premolars ( bicuspids)

Canines ( eyeteetg)

Incisors ( front teeth)

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23
Q

What are molars used for

A

For chewing and grinding food

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24
Q

What are Premolars used for

A

Have a flat biting surface. They tear and crush food

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25
What are canines used for
Have a sharp, pointed biting surface and has a grip to tear food
26
What are the incisors used
Are used for cutting food into small chewable pieces
27
What is the tongue
Is a muscular organ that is attached ventrally and at the back of the mouth
28
The function of the tongue
Presses food against the teeth and at the hand palate to assist in the chewing process Contains taste buds Is necessary for speech Helps to mix the food with saliva Helps to form the bolus before it is pushed down the oesophagus
29
Function of the pharynx
Transfer the bolus to the oesaphagus when swallowing
30
The oesaphagus
is a hollow, muscular tube that lies behind the trachea and extends from the pharynx to the stomach.
31
The function of the oesaphagus
transport of bolus to the stomach
32
Where is the cardiac sphincter found
between the oesaphagus and the stomach
33
Where does the cardiac open
when the bolus reaches the sphincter through peristalsis
34
The function of the stomach
serves as temporary storage for food The stomach mixes the bolus with the gastric juices movements to form chyme The stomach secretes enzymes for chemical digestion The stomach secretes hydrochloric acid
35
Types of enzymes
Lipases- enzymes that break down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol Proteases- enzymes that break down proteins, ending up with amino acids ph2 Carbohydrases- enzymes that break down carbohydrates into simple sugars ph8
36
3 arts of small intestines
duodenum jejunum ileum
37
the shortest part of the intestine
duodenum
38
which intestines enter the duodenum
the common bile and the pancreatic duct
39
which intestine is the area where most digestion and absorption of food takes place
the jejunum
40
what is found between the small and large intestine
the ileo- cacel
41
How do the villi improve absorption of nutrients
they enlarge the surface area for absorption the absorption surface is kept moist by mucus it is well supplied with blood capillaries
42
the function of small intestines
absorption of nutrients receives bile and pancreas juice so that chemical digestion takes place chemical digestion takes place
43
parts of the colon intestine
The caecum the colon the appendix
44
tree parts of the colon
the descending colon the transverse colon the rectum
45
The function of the large colon
serves as temporary storage for undigested waste products absorbs water mucus is secreted in the colon to ease the movement of undigested waste bile salts are reabsorbed in the large intestine
46
What is the anus
the opening between the body and the environment and egestion takes place there
47
Where is the liver located
on the right side of the abdominal activity
48
what is bile produced by
the liver cells and is stored in the gall bladder
49
2 parts f the liver
the right lobe and the left lobe
50
functions of the liver
synthesis bile synthesis vitamin A stores Vitamin A, D, E, K, and B12 is a detoxification organ that absorbs and neutralizes toxins stores blood and makes the blood available when needed manages the metabolism of amino acids
51
Functions of bile
improves the absorption of the soluble vitamin A, D, E, K, and B12 improves the absorption of fatty acids and glycerol is antiseptic which prevents decomposition in the small intestines emulsifies fats to fat droplets
52
What is the pancreas
is a tongue-like an organ
53
What does the pancreas 2 part
the pancreatic cells and the cells of Langerhans
54
What does the pancreas cell secrete
the pancreatic juice which contains enzymes
55
Functions of insulin
stimulates muscles to absorb glucose from the blood inhibits the livers conversion of glycogen into glucose increases the rate of glucose oxidation in the muscle and liver
56
What is the liver responsible for
the regulation of glucose levels in the blood. Glucose that is absorbed from the digested tract is transported via the hepatic portal vein to the liver where excess glucose is converted to glycogen. When the body needs glucose for metabolic processes and respiration, glycogen is converted back into glucose
57
What does insulin control
the conversion of glucose to glycogen. they work together antagonistically to control blood sugar levels and it controls the converison of glycogen to glucose and is secreted by a - cells of the islets Langerhans
58
Why does insuli levels drop
becuase the concentration of glucose in the blood falls below normal so that less glucose is converted to glcogen
59
What happens if insulin is not poduced in sufficient quantities
the kidneys will excrete glucose in the urine
60
Assimilation
cells take up the nutrients and form new substances that are equired
61
elimination
undgested waste products that are not needed y te body
62
Aborption
the simple, oluble molecules arw absorbed b the cells of the digestion system
63
Digestion
Physical and chemical processes take place to change the arge insoluble food molecules into simpler, sluble molecues
64
Ingestion
food aken into the mout
65
Transport
the nutrients that are absorbed are transproted to different cells of the digestion system

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