Chemical digestion and absorbtion Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chemical digestion and absorbtion Deck (18)
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1
Q

What is digestion

A

is the physical and chemical breakdown of insoluble food to simpler and soluble substances

2
Q

What is mechanical digestion

A

includes chewing, churning movements which is the physical digestion of food. Food particles are broken up into smaller pieces which increase the surface area for the attachment of enzymes

3
Q

Chewing

A

The teeth in the mouth cavity chew food to break it into smaller pieces.

4
Q

The tongue

A

pushes the food against the teeth and assists with the breakdown of the food. The incisors cut the food, the canine teeth hold and tear the food and the molars grind the food to fine pieces

5
Q

Where does Peristalsis take place?

A

it takes place when circular muscles in front of and around the bolus relax and the longitudinal muscles contract which takes place in the oesophagus, stomach and intestines

6
Q

What is crude-fibre

A

Crude fibre is the insoluble substance in the cell

7
Q

What is the importance of crude-fiber

A

It stimulates peristalsis and it prevents and reduces diseases like haemorrhoids and constipation

8
Q

What is the importance of water

A

Water eases the movement of food through the digestive system and it also cleans the digestive system

9
Q

The requirements of an efficient absorption surface area

A

The surface area must be thin
There must be a large surface area for absorption
A transport system must be available to transport the nutrients that are absorbed
The absorption area must be moist

10
Q

Absorption and transport of nutrients

A

Absorption takes place in the small intestines. the nutrients that are absorbed are monosaccharides
Absorption takes place actively or passively by means of diffusion

11
Q

What is passive absorption

A

is when nutrients diffuse from a high concentration in the small intestine to a low concentration in the blood

12
Q

What is active absorption

A

is when nutrients moe against the diffusion gradient using energy produced by the mitochondria in the epithelial cell

13
Q

What is the function of the capillary network

A

absorbs the amino acids then they join to form the hepatic portal vein which transports the nutrients to the liver

14
Q

What are amino acids

A

are absorbed by the cells of the body and are used to synthesis proteins that are needed for growth and repair

15
Q

What are fats

A

fats are used for different functions such as reserve energy, insulation of organs form part of the cell membranes

16
Q

What is glucose

A

glucose is transported through the hepatic portal vein to the liver where the excess is converted into glycogen. The rest of the glucose is transported to the somatic cells through the bloodstream and it can be stored in the cells as glycogen and can be used for cellular respiration

17
Q

Problem with overfeeding

A

The excessive intake of carbohydrates and fats leads to overweight or obesity which can lead to diseases like heart disease, high cholesterol, high blodd pressure and even cancer in the small intestines

18
Q

Problem with malnutrition

A

exists when there is a deficiency of nutrients