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BIOLOGY: diversity and plants unit one > ANIMAL PHYLA (lesson eight) > Flashcards

ANIMAL PHYLA (lesson eight) Flashcards

1
Q

ANIMAL BASICS

A
  • Multi-cellular organisms with tissues and, usually, organs and organ systems
  • Undergo larval or embryonic development
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2
Q

what is larval development?

A

when the young look very different from the adult. example caterpillar and butterfly

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3
Q

what is embryonic development?

A

when the young is a mini version of the adult. example babies and adults.

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4
Q

what is zoology?

A

is the branch of science that studies animals

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5
Q

how many phyla are in the animal kingdom?

A

there are 8 phyla in the animal kingdom

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6
Q

what are the two big groups of the animal kingdom?

A

vertebrates and invertebrates

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7
Q

invertebrates

A
  • They have no backbone
  • 97 % of all animals
  • There are 7 phyla
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8
Q

vertebrates

A
  • the Chordata phyla
  • They have a backbone
  • 3% of animals
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9
Q

what is PROTOSTOMES and DEUTEROSTOMES

A

Protostomes and deuterostomes are terms that are used to categorize members of major taxonomic groups of animals by how they develop as embryos

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10
Q

protostomes

A
  • the first opening of the organism becomes the mouth
  • Simple organisms
  • examples: Arthropods, Flatworms, Annelids
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11
Q

Deuterostomes

A
  • The first opening of the organism becomes the anus (the mouth develops later)
  • Complex organisms
  • examples: Humans, Tigers, Monkeys
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12
Q

the seven phyla of invertebrates

A
  1. Porifera (sponges)
  2. Cnidaria (jellyfish)
  3. Platyhelminthes (flatworms and roundworms)
  4. Annelida (segmented worms)
  5. Mollusca (clams, mussels, snails,
  6. Arthropoda (crabs, lobster, insects, spiders)
  7. Echinodermata (Sea Urchin, Sand Dollar)
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13
Q

Porifera

A
  • Have no definite shape – asymmetrical;
  • No tissues or organs
  • Colony of specialized cells
  • Immobile
  • Good powers of regeneration (parts or whole body)
    Skeleton of sponging (modified collagen) and spicules (hard crystal material)
  • For example glass sponge
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14
Q

Cnidaria

A
  • Jellyfish, corals, anemones
  • Radial symmetry (can be divided at any point into 2 matching halves)
  • Primitive nerve net but no brain (very primitive/simplistic nervous system)
  • 2-way digestive tract (a single opening that serves as both the mouth and anus)
  • Stinging cells for capturing food.
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15
Q

Platyhelminthes

A

-First animals to exhibit bilateral symmetry (right and left sides are mirror images of one another)
- Have primitive brain
- 3 tissue layers (endoderm, mesoderm, & ectoderm)
- Includes free-living flatworms and parasitic flatworms (tapeworms, flukes)

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16
Q

Annelida

A
  • Earthworms, sandworms, leeches
  • Slightly more complex body plan, have many segments (like many rings joined together)
  • Complete one-way digestive system/tract with mouth and anus
  • Have well-developed digestive and circulatory systems (i.e. closed circulatory system - blood is limited to vessels)
17
Q

Mollusca

A
  • SOFT-BODIED ANIMALS
  • Includes: snails, slugs, nudibranchs, chitons, limpets, clams, oysters, squid, octopus, nautilus, etc.
  • Either have no shell, one shell, or two shells
  • Contains a mass of soft flesh that covers the soft body and encloses internal organs
  • Many have hard mouth parts used for feeding (radula in gastropods, beak in cephalopods).
18
Q

Arthropoda

A
  • JOINT-LEGGED ANIMALS
  • Includes: insects, crustaceans, centipedes, millipedes, and arachnids (spiders)
  • exoskeleton made of chitin (polysaccharide)
  • must shed their exoskeletons in order to grow (they can develop a new exoskeleton once larger)
19
Q

Echinodermata

A
  • SPINEY-SKINNED ANIMALS
  • Includes: sea stars, brittle stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, sea cucumbers, and crinoids
  • reverted back to radial symmetry (radial in adults / bilateral in larvae)
  • tube feet and water vascular system (a hydraulic pressure system that help with locomotion, feeding/nutrient cycling, and respiration/gas exchange
  • Most exhibit pentamerism (consisting of 5 parts)
20
Q

how many classes are in the phyla Chordata?

A

there are 5 classes within Chordata

21
Q

VERTEBRATES (CHORDATA) CLASSES

A
  • Class Fish
  • Class Amphibia
  • Class Reptilia
  • Class Aves (birds)
  • Class Mammalia

BIOLOGY: diversity and plants unit one (8 decks)

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