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Flashcards in Animal Physiology Deck (17)
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1
Q

Cooperative binding

A

When one subunit gains an oxygen, then the conformation of Hb changes to increase affinity for other subunits to bind as well. It is difficult to bind to the first oxygen but when the shape changes, it is easier for Hb and oxygen to bind.

2
Q

Purpose of respiration pathway

A
  1. Delivers electron to oxygen without creating free radicals
  2. Converts energy into ATP
3
Q

O2. -SOD-> H2O2 -catalase-> H2O + O2

A

Oxidative defense to change free radical into oxygen.

4
Q

CO2 + H2O H2CO3 ,–> HCO3 + H+

A

Hb’s method of detecting where oxygen is needed.

5
Q

Vitrification

A

Replacement of water by sugar molecules ex. Tardigrade’s tun

6
Q

What do sugars and water have in common?

A

O and OH

7
Q

Fick’s Law

A
Q= DA(C2-C1)/x      
Q= rate of diffusion
D= diffusivity (ease with what molecules can cross)
A= area
C2-C1= difference in concentrations
x=thickness of barrier
8
Q

What does diffusivity depend on?

A
  1. barrier material
  2. diffusing substance
  3. temperature of whole system
9
Q

Ion regulation

A

molarity of NA= moles on NA/liters of solution

concentration of individual ions (ex. Na, K, Cl)

10
Q

Osmoregulation

A

osmolarity= moles of (Na + K + all dissolved particles)/liters of solution

total concentration of all dissolved substances

11
Q

Osmolarities of different waters

A

seawater= 1000 mOsm
marine invertebrates/vertebrates= 1000 mOsm
freshwater invertebrates/vertebrates= 300 mOsm
freshwater= 0 mOsm

12
Q

Lugworm’s osmoregulation

A

physiological osmoconformer

behavioral osmoregulator

13
Q

Mummichog’s osmoregulation

A

physiological osmoregulator

behavioral osmoregulator

14
Q

Heat exchange equation

A
H= kA (T2-T1)/x
H= rate of heat transfer/ rate of diffusion of heat by conduction (bodies in contact)
k= conductivity (high k= good conductor; low k= good insulator)
A= are
T2-T1= external temperature - internal temperature
x= thickness of material/barrier
15
Q

Thermoconformer

A

ectotherm

ex. reptiles and invertebratess

16
Q

Thermoregulator

A

endotherm

ex. mammals and bird

17
Q

Lizard

A

behavioral thermoregulator

physiological thermoconformer