Animal Transport Systems

Question 1

what are 3 main components of the blood

Answer 1

1) red blood cells
2)white blood cells
3)plasma

Question 2

what is the main function of the blood

Answer 2

transport oxygen, but also C02 and nutrients

Question 3

what is the function of plasma

Answer 3

-carries the red an white blood cells
-contains proteins (such as antibodies or hormones)
-carries nutrients
-transports some carbon dioxide gas

Question 4

what is the function of the red blood cells

Answer 4

to transport oxygen effectively around the body, in the form of oxyhaemoglobin

Question 5

red blood cells are highly specialised cells to allow them to carry out this important function, what are their specialisations

Answer 5

biconcave shape - larger surface area for oxygen to diffuse in/out cell.
no nucleus - creates more space for haemoglobin (more oxygen can be transported)
contains haemoglobin - this chemical combines with oxygen to allow it to be to be transported in the form of oxyhaemoglobin

Question 6

what is haemoglobin

Answer 6

haemoglobin is a protein molecule present in the red blood cells which combines with oxygen to transport this oxygen around the body

Question 7

describe the interaction between haemoglobin and oxygen

Answer 7

when oxygen combines with haemoglobin it forms oxyhaemoglobin to transport oxygen more efficiently

Question 8

what is the word equation for oxygen combining with haemoglobin

Answer 8

haemoglobin + oxygen —> oxyhaemoglobin

Question 9

where in the body do red blood cells pick up oxygen

Answer 9

lungs

Question 10

where does red blood cells transport oxygen to

Answer 10

tissues/cells

Question 11

what is the function of white blood cells

Answer 11

part of the immune system and involved in destroying pathogens

Question 12

what are pathogens

Answer 12

disease causing micro-organisms

Question 13

RBC vs WBC

Answer 13

RBC WBC
small large
present in large numbers small numbers
contain no nucleus has a nucleus
has a rigid shape can change shape

Question 14

what are the 2 main types of white blood cell

Answer 14

lymphocytes and phagocytes

Question 15

what is the function of lymphocytes

Answer 15

function is to produce anti-bodies which destroy pathogens. Each ant-body is specific to a particular pathogen (antigens)

Question 16

what is the function of phagocytes

Answer 16

function is to carry out phagocytosis by engulfing(eating) and killing pathogens.

Question 17

what are the three types of blood vessels

Answer 17

veins, arteries and capillaries

Question 18

what are the features and function of arteries

Answer 18

1) thick walls (helps to withstand high pressure)
2) muscular walls (helps to withstand high pressure)
3)narrow central channel (lumen)

function- arteries carry blood at high pressure away from the heart

Question 19

what are the features and function of capillaries

Answer 19

1)thin walls (allows for gas exchange)
2) large surface area (helps gas exchange)
3)form networks at tissues and organs

function - exchange of materials between blood and tissues/cells

Question 20

what process is oxygen needed for in the cells and tissues

Answer 20

aerobic respiration

Question 21

what is the structure and function of veins

Answer 21

1) thinner walls
2)wider central channels
3)contains valves (prevents blood back-flow)

function - veins carry blood at low pressure back towards and into the heart

Question 22

what is the function of the heart

Answer 22

to pump blood around the body

Question 23

what type of blood does the right side of the heart carry

Answer 23

de-oxygenated blood - rich in C02

Question 24

what type of blood does the left side of the heart carry

Answer 24

oxygenated blood - rich in oxygenated

Question 25

what is the function of atria

Answer 25

to receive blood from the body/lungs

Question 26

what is the function of ventricles

Answer 26

to pump blood back to the body/lung

Question 27

what are the 4 chamber of the heart

Answer 27

right ventricle, right atrium, left atrium and left ventriclr

Question 28

what is the function of the valves

Answer 28

prevents the back-flow of blood ensuring blood flows in one direction through the heart

Question 29

what are the 4 main blood vessels in/out the heart

Answer 29

vena cavas, pulmonary arteries, aorta and pulmonary veins

Question 30

what is the function of the vena cava

Answer 30

to carry blood from the body into the right atrium (vein, de-oxygenated blood)

Question 31

what is the function of the pulmonary artery

Answer 31

to carry blood away from the heart, out of the right ventricle towards to lungs (artery, de-oxygenated blood)

Question 32

what is the function of the pulmonary vein

Answer 32

to carry blood from the lungs toward the heart, into the left atrium (vein, oxygenated blood)

Question 33

what is the function of the aorta

Answer 33

to carry blood out of the left ventricle and heart, towards the body (artery, oxygenated blood)

Question 34

what is the left side of the heart like

Answer 34

bigger, thicker walls and stronger to pump blood to the entire body

Question 35

what is the function of the coronary arteries

Answer 35

to supply the heart muscle with oxygenated blood

Question 36

describe the flow of blood through the heart and body

Answer 36

LA(Ox) ->Lv(ox)->Aorta->body (delivers oxygen,A.E)- -> vena cava (DOX)->RA(DOX)->RV(DOX)->pulmonary artery(DOX) -> lungs(picks up 02, deposits C02, respiration)-> pulmonary vein (OX)

Question 37

Why does the left ventricle have thicker walls than the right ventricle

Answer 37

The left ventricle needs to pump blood all the way around the entire body (further distance) so it needs stronger and bigger muscle to do this

Question 38

Describe the need for absorption

Answer 38

Oxygen and other vital nutrients from food must be absorbed into the bloodstream and delivered to cells for respiration. Waste materials, such as carbon dioxide, must be removed from cells into the blood stream. Tissues of the body are surrounded by large capillary networks that allow th exchange of materials at cellular level

Question 39

What are two examples of structures which play major roles in the absorption of nutrients

Answer 39

Alveoli in the lungs Villi in the small intestine

Question 40

Describe gas exchange in the Lungs

Answer 40

Carbon dioxide will diffuse from the blood into the alveoli Oxygen will diffuse from the alveoli into the blood

Question 41

What is digestion

Answer 41

Digestion is the break down if large insoluble molecules into small soluble molecules which can be absorbed into the blood stream

Question 42

What structure in the villi absorbs the food molecule of carbohydrates and what are they digested into

Answer 42

They are absorbed by the capillaries, they are digested into glucose

Question 43

What structure in the villi absorbs the food molecule of protein and what are they digested into

Answer 43

They are absorbed by the capillaries, they are digested into amino acids

Question 44

What structure in the villi absorbs the food molecule of fats and what are they digested into

Answer 44

They are absorbed by the lacteal, they are digested into fatty acids and glycerol

Question 45

What are the three structure of a villi

Answer 45

Thin lining, blood capillaries and the lacteal

Question 46

what is the function of the lacteal

Answer 46

to absorb fatty acids and glycerol

Question 47

what is the function of the blood capillaries in the villi

Answer 47

to absorb glucose and amino acids

Question 48

what features of alveoli and villi increase the efficiency of absorption

Answer 48

1) thin walls 2) large surface area 3) extensive blood supply