Control and Communication

Question 1

what is homeostasis

Answer 1

homeostasis is a corrective mechanism used to maintain a stable internal environment within the body.

Question 2

why do you need homeostasis

Answer 2

to maintain a stable bodily environment which is essential to allow our cells to function properly.

Question 3

name 3 factors regulated by homeostasis

Answer 3

body temperature, body water content, blood glucose levels.

Question 4

how does your body react to an increase in temperature?

Answer 4

increased rate of sweating
vasodilation-red cheeks-radiates heat out of body
skin hairs lie flat

Question 5

how does your body react to a decrease in body temperature

Answer 5

decreased rate of sweating
divert blood away from skin
skin hairs stand upright
shivering-generates heat

Question 6

what does the endocrine system do

Answer 6

the endocrine system plays a vital role in enabling different ares of the body to communicate with each other in order to regulate their internal body conditions.

Question 7

what are hormones

Answer 7

hormones are protein molecules that act as chemical messengers
they play a vital role in regulation blood glucose

Question 8

where are hormones produced

Answer 8

hormones are produced by endocrine glands

Question 9

how do hormones travel

Answer 9

blood stream

Question 10

how do hormones work

Answer 10

hormones bind to complimentary receptors proteins on the surface of target cells,
Binding oh a hormone to complementary receptor proteins ensure that only specific cells are effected by the action of a particular hormone

Question 11

how do hormones work

Answer 11

hormones bind to complimentary receptors proteins on the surface of target cells,
Binding oh a hormone to complementary receptor proteins ensure that only specific cells are effected by the action of a particular hormone

Question 12

what endocrine gland is involved in the regulation of blood glucose

Answer 12

pancreas

Question 13

what hormones does the pancreas release

Answer 13

insulin and glucagon
(target tissue = liver)

Question 14

what could cause blood glucose levels to increase/decrease

Answer 14

increase = food intake
decrease = lack of food, exercise

Question 15

describe the role of insulin in regulating blood glucose levels.

Answer 15

-the pancreas detects an increase in blood glucose levels.
-insulin is released from the pancreas and travels through the blood stream to act on the liver.
-excess glucose is converted to glycogen and stored inside the liver
-blood glucose levels return to normal

Question 16

describe the role of insulin in regulating blood glucose levels in a word equation

Answer 16

insulin
glucose———>glycogen

Question 17

describe the role of glucagon in regulating blood sugar levels

Answer 17

• the pancreas detects a decrease in blood glucose levels.
  -glucagon is released from the pancreas and travel through the bloodstream to act on the liver.
  -Glycogen is converted to glucose and released into the bloodstream.
  -blood glucose returns to normal

Question 18

describe the role of glucagon in regulating blood glucose levels in a word equation

Answer 18

glucagon
glycogen—————>glucose

Question 19

what is diabetes

Answer 19

a disease that prevents the body being able to produce/respond to insulin

Question 20

state 4 risk factors associated with diabetes

Answer 20

obesity
genetics
lack of exercise
high sugar diet

Question 21

what is the cause and treatment of type 1 diabetes

Answer 21

caused by pancreas failing to produce insulin

treated by daily insulin intake

Question 22

what is the cause and treatment of type 2 diabetes

Answer 22

caused by loss of insulin receptor function at the liver

treated by a balanced diet, healthy lifestyle choices, exercises

Question 23

What is the nervous system composed of ?

Answer 23

Brain, spinal cord and other nerves

Question 24

What is the C.N.S made of

Answer 24

Brain and Spinal Cord

Question 25

What are the three parts of the brain

Answer 25

Cerebrum, medulla and Cerebellum

Question 26

What is the role of the cerebellum

Answer 26

Controls balance and coordination of movement

Question 27

What is the role of the Medulla

Answer 27

Controls breathing rate and H.R. (unconscious activities)

Question 28

What is the role of the cerebrum

Answer 28

Controls conscience though, memory and speech.

Question 29

What does transmission of electrical impulses through the nervous system allow the body to do ?

Answer 29

Respond to changes in environmental stimuli.

Question 30

How does your nervous system detect changes in our environment.

Answer 30

Our five main sensory organs have receptors that detect stimuli from within our environment.

Question 31

How does your body react to changes in the environment

Answer 31

The body has many different effectors that carry out a response to detected stimuli (muscle and glands)

Question 32

What do neurones do

Answer 32

Neurone carry message rapidly in the form of electrical impulses to and from the CNS

Question 33

What are the three types of neuron

Answer 33

Sensory, inter, motor

Question 34

What is the role of the sensory neuron

Answer 34

Carries an electrical impulse form the receptor to an inter neuron in the CNS

Question 35

What is the role of an inter neuron

Answer 35

Carries an electrical impulse within the CNS allowing information to be processed

Question 36

What is the role of the motor neuron

Answer 36

Carries an electrical impulse from the CNS to an effector for a response to be made

Question 37

What is a synapse

Answer 37

The small gap located between two neurones

Question 38

How are messages relayed between nerves

Answer 38

Diffusion of chemicals at the synapse

Question 39

What is a reflex action ?

Answer 39

Reflex actions are rapid and automatic responses that are used to protect the body from harmful stimuli (R.A.P) These actions are mediated by the spinal cord. These actions do not involve the Brian.

Question 40

What is the role of the inter neurone in a reflex ark

Answer 40

Carries an electrical impulse across the spinal cord allowing information to be processed

Question 41

Name three examples of a reflex action

Answer 41

Coughing, sneezing and dilation/constrictions of pupils

Question 42

describe 3 differences between nerve and hormone signals

Answer 42

1) nerve signals are electrical and chemical, hormones are chemical 2) hormones travel in the bloodstream, nerve messages travel along nerves. 3) hormones messages travel slower than nerve signals