Animal vs Plant Cell, Endosymbiosis

Question 1

Components of animal cells

Answer 1

• centrioles
• centrosomes
• lysosomes

Question 2

Components of plant cells

Answer 2

• cell wall
• chloroplasts
• plasmodesmata
• plastids

Question 3

A rigid covering that protects the plant cell, provides structural support, and gives shape to the cell

Answer 3

Cell wall

Question 4

The chief component of prokaryotic cell walls

Answer 4

Peptidoglycan

Question 5

The major organic molecule in the plant cell wall; a polysaccharide made up of long, straight chains of glucose units

Answer 5

Cellulose

Question 6

Also have their own DNA and ribosomes like mitochondria; function in photosynthesis and can be found in eukaryotic cells such as plants and algae

Answer 6

Chloroplasts

Question 7

These are used in photosynthesis; make glucose and oxygen

Answer 7

• carbon dioxide
• water
• light energy

Question 8

Major difference between plants and animals

Answer 8

• plants - autotrophs (are able to make their own food)
• animals - heterotrophs (rely on organismsms for their organic compounds or food source)

Question 9

A set of interconnected and stacked, fluid-filled membrane sacs within the chloroplast’s inner membrane

Answer 9

Thylakoid

Question 10

Each stack of thylakoids

Answer 10

Granum

Question 11

The fluid enclosed by the inner membrane and surrounding the grana

Answer 11

Stoma

Question 12

The green pigment in chloroplasts which captures the energy of sunlight for photosynthesis

Answer 12

Chlorophyll

Question 13

Some of them are able to perform photosynthesis with the absence of chloroplast

Answer 13

Bacteria

Question 14

A relationship in which organisms from two separate species live in close association and typically exhibit specific adaptations to each other

Answer 14

Symbiosis

Question 15

A relationship in which one organism lives inside the other

Answer 15

Endosymbiosis

Question 16

Used microbial evidence in her proposal of endosymbiotic theory (in 1967) which indicated that these organelles originated from separate organisms

Answer 16

Lynn Margulis

Question 17

Believed by scientists that they formed a mutually beneficial endosymbiotic relationship

Answer 17

Host cells and bacteria

Question 18

Plays a key role in regulating the cell’s concentration of water in changing environmental conditions

Answer 18

Central vacuole

Question 19

Provided by the liquid inside the central vacuole; the outward pressure caused by the fluids inside the cell

Answer 19

Turgor pressure

Question 20

Also functions to store proteins in developing seed cells

Answer 20

Central vacuole

Question 21

Primary components of the extracellular matrix

Answer 21

• glycoproteins
• protein collagen

Question 22

Holds the animal cells together to form a tissue and allows the cells within the tissue to communicate with each other

Answer 22

Extracellular matrix

Question 23

Intercellular junctions between plant cells

Answer 23

Plasmodesmata

Question 24

Junctions within animal cells

Answer 24

• tight and gap junctions
• desmosomes

Question 25

Numerous channels that pass between the cell walls of adjacent plant cells, connecting their cytoplasm and enabling signal molecules and nutrients to be transported from cell to cell

Answer 25

Plasmodesmata

Question 26

A watertight seal between two adjacent animal cells; prevents materials from leaking between the cells

Answer 26

Tight junction

Question 27

Where tight junctions are found; lines internal organs and cavities, and composes most of the skin

Answer 27

Epithelial tissue

Question 28

Only found in animal cells which act like spot welds between adjacent epithelial cells; keep cells together in a sheet-like formation

Answer 28

Desmosomes

Question 29

In animal cells which are like plasmodesmata in plant cells; channels between adjacent cells that allow for the transport of ions, nutrients, and other substances

Answer 29

Gap junctions