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Y1 - SRUC - Semester 2 > Animal welfare and behaviour > Flashcards

Animal welfare and behaviour Flashcards

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1
Q

Define term animal welfare

A

State
Individual
Attempt
Cope
Environment

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2
Q

Concepts related to animal welfare

A

Feelings
Health
Needs
Stress
Freedoms
Ability to cope
Sentience

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3
Q

What does coping with imply?

A

Mental+physical stability
react + withstand
changes in environment

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4
Q

5 welfare needs

A

Environment
Diet
Normal behaviours
Housed with/apart
Protection from pain, suffering, injury & disease

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5
Q

Meaning of emotional adaptability

A

Relate emotions with experiences & changes in environment
Can alter responses to help them cope

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6
Q

Sentience meaning

A

Ability & awareness
Feel & experience emotions
Learn from exp.
Process & adapt to these experiences

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7
Q

Speciesism

A

Humans = superior to other non-humans
Only humans shld have rights & protection

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8
Q

Utilitarianism

A

All animals are equal
Advocated by Peter Singer
Sentience is the only important criterion

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9
Q

Animal rights position on using animals

A

Animals shld never be used for humans’ benefit
Morally wrong
Causes pain and suffering

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10
Q

Animal welfare position on using animals

A

Can be done for humans’ benefit
As long as it doesn’t cause suffering/ pain

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11
Q

Primary animal welfare legislation in Scotland?

A

Animal Health and Welfare (Scotland) 2006

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12
Q

What 4 criteria for protected animals in primary act?

A

Vertebrate
Endemic to the UK
Under control of humans
Not living in a wild state

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13
Q

What is a prohibited procedure?

A

That can only be done by QP (e.g. VS)
Exclude medical surgical treatment
e.g. mutilation

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14
Q

Examples of secondary legislations

A

Prohibited procedures on protected Animals (Exemptions) (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 2017

Microchipping of dogs (Scotland) Regulation 2016

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15
Q

Possible repercurtions if someones doesn’t comply with Care Notice?

A

Repossession & removal of animal
Disqualification or seizure order
Fine
Prison

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16
Q

Legislation that governs breeding of dogs, cats and rabbits in Scotland?

A

Animal Welfare (Licensing of Activities Involving Animals) (Scotland) Regulations 2021
Secondary leg.

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17
Q

What are 2 things a breeding establishment needs before it can operate?

A

Satisfactory insepction by Local Authority
Licence issued

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18
Q

When do you need a licence to breed?

A

If breeding 3 or more litters during 12 month periods (dogs/cat)
If more than 6 litters under 12 mo. (rabbits)

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19
Q

For cats, what is the max amount of litters/ year?

A

2 litters per cat max per annum

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20
Q

4 Licence conditions for dogs

A

Min. 12 mo
Max. 8 yo
Max 1 litter/year
Max 6 litters/ lifetime

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21
Q

4 licence conditions for cats

A

Min. 10 mo
Max. 8 yo
Max 2 litters/year
Max 8 litters/ lifetime

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22
Q

4 licence conditions for rabbits

A

Min. 5 mo
Max. 6 yo
Max 4 litters/year
Max 16 litters/ lifetime

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23
Q

Microchipping regulations for licence holders?

A

Must microchip dogs and register their details

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24
Q

What is category 3 dog breed?

A

Identified by KC as part of their Breed Watch Scheme (highest concern - conformation - health & welfare)

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25
4 welfare implications for puppies from puppy farms?
Increase mortality More prone to health issues Less likely to be vaccinated Trauma possible if removed too young from mum Lack of socalisation
26
2 examples of healthand welfare issues due to intensive dog breeding
Syringomyelia - CKC - Small skull size + cysts in spinal cord blocking spinal fluid Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome - Pug - breathing issues
27
Why is ear cropping a welfare issue?
Infections Painful/ time to heal Affects communication Affect temperament
28
Dogs behaviour: what do dogs do but not wolves?
Habituated to humans Don't eat prey they hunted Barking even though adults (dogs remain juveniles - only young wolves bark)
29
How are dogs physically different from wolves?
Smaller brain to body mass ratio Less powerful jaws Compacted teeth Come into oestrus twice as often
30
Dog behaviours that could be an issue
Digging Howling Greeting ritual
31
2 examples of behaviours linked to specific genes
Dopamine receptor gene - rage syndrome/agreesive issues in Cocker spaniels Cadherin gene - canine compulsive disorder - Doberman
32
4 behavioural traits useful to match dogs and new dog owners?
Trainability Housetraining Affection towards family Aggression to family
33
Behavioural characteristics of neonates
Rooting reflex (no thermoregulation) Suckling reflex (to find teats) Olfactory imprinting Head bobs up and down
34
7 groups of dogs
Gundogs Working dogs Herding dogs Hounds Terriers Companion Toy Companion utility
35
Transitional period - dogs
2-4 weeks Eyes opening 10-16 days Startle response Anogenital licking by dam stops Movements more coordinated Start social play
36
Best socialisation period for dogs
6-8 weeks optimum Puppies lose natrual relaxed emotional state after 12 weeks For social attachments 14-49 days Human socialisation - 7-12 weeks
37
Juvenile period in dogs
12 weeks - 6 mo Raised leg urination Inappropriate behaviour Flight instinct period - 4-8 months May begin to show interest in females (4mo)
38
Adulthood
6-12 mo (breed dependent) - up to 24 mo in larger breeds Reduce level of play and interactions
39
How does learn?
Habituation & sensitisation Associative learning/ classical conditioning Trial & error/ Operant conditioning Observational learning
40
Habituation definition
Waning of a response to an event/ stimulus that has no consequences or purpose
41
Classical conditioning
2 unrelated events become connected
42
4 quadrants of operant conditioning
Positive reinforcement Negative reinforcement Positive punishment Negative punishment
43
Positive reinforcement
Positive reinforcement is when your dog receives a reward that encourages them to repeat a behavior we like.
44
Negative reinforcement
Negative reinforcement is when something your dog dislikes is removed as a reward, to encourage them to repeat a behavior we like.
45
Positive punishment
Positive punishment is when something your dog dislikes happens to discourage them from repeating an unwanted behavior.
46
Negative punishment
Negative punishment is when something your dog likes is taken away to discourage them from repeating an unwanted behavior.
47
Habituation definition
Learn to ignore a stimulus that doesn't serve any purpose
48
Example of innate behaviour vs learned behaviour in cats
Suckling reflex vs using a cat flap
49
Facial expression of cat when nervous and uncomfortable
Large dilated pupils ears turned out to sides
50
What can purring indicate in a cat?
Contentment or pain
51
Example of cat behaviour learned through operant conditioning?
Being in a cat carrier
52
Main life stages of cats
Neonatal Early socialisation Late socialisation Adolescence Adult Senior
53
Neonate period in cats
0-2 weeks Eyes open by 14 days Cannot thermoregulate
54
Early socialisation in cats
3-8 weeks Milk + solids Start play Start using litter
55
Late socialisation in cats
9-16 wk Solid foods Playful
56
Adolescence in cats
17 wks - 1 yo Less payful Sexual maturity
57
Examples of stereotpic cat behaviours
Inappropriate elimination (middening, soiling, spraying) Fear aggression Redirected aggression
58
Normal behaviours for horses in the wild
Herd hierarchy Grazing Socialising & interacting Reproducing
59
Impact that domestication has had on normal behaviour
Being stabled Being ridden Diet changes with potential health repercutions Roaming restricted Non-selective Breeding
60
How can domestication have impacted horses?
Increased stress Dietary problems Respiratory problems Stereotypic behaviour
61
Life stages of horses
* Foal: 0-12 months * Weanling: weaned = ca 6mo * Yearling: 12 mo * Filly (female): 12mo – 4 yo then Mare * Colt (Male): 12 mo – 4 yo then Stallion/ Gelding
62
Sleep requirements for horses
2-5 hours/day Slow wave sleep - standing up or lying down REM sleep - only need 30 mint
63
Acoustic signals in horses
* Neighs – when separated * Nickers – encourage to come near * Squeal – defensive threat * Snort – degree of alarm * Groan soft – discomfort/ fatigue * Roar – extreme arousal, threaten severe physical violence
64
2 learning processes for animal training
Classical & operant conditioning
65
Reinforcement vs punishment
Increase likelihood of wanted behaviour vs decrease likelihood of unwanted behaviour
66
What method can be used if dog is reactive to firework?
De-sensitisation and counter-conditioning
67
5 approaches used in enrichments
Sensory Occupational Social Physical Nutritional
68
Purpose of using occupational enrichment?
Stimulate cognitive development & physical exercise
69

Y1 - SRUC - Semester 2 (5 decks)

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