Animals Practical II

Question 1

Unifying characteristics of chordates

Answer 1

Nerve cord, notochord, pharyngeal pouches, gland which concentrates iodine, post anal tail

Question 2

Rat and fish under which subphylum?

Answer 2

Vertebrata

Question 3

What is meant by a fusiform body shape?

Answer 3

Laterally flattened and streamlined to decrease resistance as fish moves through water

Question 4

What structure covers gill chambers in perch?

Answer 4

Operculum

Question 5

Lateral line of perch extends from? What is its function?

Answer 5

Top of operculum to tail. Detects movement in water

Question 6

Division of perch?

Answer 6

Head, trunk, tail

Question 7

Fins just posterior to the operculum in perch?

Answer 7

Pectoral fins

Question 8

Fins posterior and ventral to pectoral fin?

Answer 8

Pelvic fin

Question 9

Four median fins

Answer 9

Caudal fin, anterior and posterior dorsal fins, and anal fin

Question 10

Axial vs Appendicular muscles

Answer 10

Axial muscles are associated with central skeleton, appendicular muscles associated with limbs and girdles

Question 11

Axial muscle composition of perch

Answer 11

Myomeres, separated into myosepta.

Question 12

Digestive pathway in perch

Answer 12

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, SI, LI, anus or cloaca

Question 13

Where is caecum in perch and what is its function?

Answer 13

Meeting point of SI and LI where food is held and processed by microorganisms

Question 14

Osmo conformer

Answer 14

Animals that becomes isotonic with its environment

Question 15

Osmo regulator

Answer 15

Animals that regulate their internal environments

Question 16

What is meant by a counter current system? How is it efficient?

Answer 16

Blood flow is opposite to water flow over gills. Allows for max o2 movement into blood

Question 17

Circ system of perch is a low pressure ______ system. What does this mean?

Answer 17

Single type system. Means blood only goes through heart once in a single circuit. Deoxygenated blood pumped through heart to gills. From gills, oxygenated blood goes to body then returns to heart.

Question 18

Pathway of perch blood flow

Answer 18

Enters heart through sinus venousus, atrium, ventricle, bulbus arteriosus, ventral aorta, to gills

Question 19

Unifying characteristics of mammals

Answer 19

All have hair at some point, female mammals have mammary glands with openings for nourishing young

Question 20

What is meant by digitigrade locomotion?

Answer 20

Rat walks on its digits, rest of foot is elevated

Question 21

Visible teeth on rat?

Answer 21

Upper incisors, lower incisors.

Question 22

Function of pinna in rat?

Answer 22

Located on ears, directs sound waves into ear canal

Question 23

What are long sensory hairs on rats called?

Answer 23

Vibrissae

Question 24

Four regions of rat

Answer 24

Head, neck, trunk, tail

Question 25

Divisions of rat trunk

Answer 25

Anterior thorax, posterior abdomen

Question 26

Four salivary glands in rat

Answer 26

Parotid, submaxillary, sublingual, extraorbital lacrimal

Question 27

Greater omentum

Answer 27

Sac which extends from greatuer curvature of stomach to spleen

Question 28

Lessor omentum

Answer 28

Joins stomach to liver

Question 29

Three portions of stomach

Answer 29

Cardiac, fund, pyloric

Question 30

Portions of small intestine

Answer 30

Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum

Question 31

Pathway of urine in rat

Answer 31

Kidneys, ureter, bladder, urethra, *penis

Question 32

Outer portion of rat kidney

Answer 32

Cortex

Question 33

Inner portion of rat kidney

Answer 33

Medulla

Question 34

How many lobes of left lung in rat?

Answer 34

1

Question 35

How many lobes of right lung in rat?

Answer 35

4