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anatomy of lower extremities > ankle/foot anatomy > Flashcards

ankle/foot anatomy Flashcards

final (50 cards)

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1
Q

tendons crossing lateral ankle (extrinsics)

A

peroneus longus, peroneus brevis

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2
Q

peroneus longus X to brevis, Y to ankle

A

lateral, proximal

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3
Q

peroneus brevis tendon X to longus, Y to ankle

A

anterior, distal

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4
Q

what secures peroneal tendons

A

2 retinaculum (superior and inferior)

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5
Q

lateral ankle ligaments

A

anterior/posterior inferior tibiofibular ligament, anterior/posterior talofibular ligament, calcaneofibular ligament

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6
Q

distal tibiofibular syndemosis

A

syndesmosis - bones connected by ligaments
- comprised of anterior/posterior inferior tibiofibular, interosseous ligament, interosseous membrane

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7
Q

tendons crossing medial ankle

A

tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus

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8
Q

medial ankle neurovascular structures

A

posterior tibial artery, tibial nerve

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9
Q

Tom, Dick, And Very Nervous Harry

A

Tibialis posterior, flexor Digitorum longus, posterior tibial Artery, tibial Nerve, flexor Hallucis longus
- anterior to posterior

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10
Q

what secures plantar flexor tendons

A

flexor retinaculum

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11
Q

deltoid ligament

A

medial ankle, made up of anterior/posterior tibiotalar, tibiocalcaneal, and tibionavicular
- limits excessive inward and outward rotation
- stabilizes ankle

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12
Q

tibiotalar joint

A

ankle joint, responsible for plantar and dorsiflexion
- tibia (medial), fibula (lateral), talus (below)

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13
Q

subtalar joint

A

responsible for inversion/eversion
- talus (above), calcaneous (below)

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14
Q

transverse tarsal joint

A

made up of talonavicular and calcaneocuboid joints

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15
Q

muscles responsible for inversion

A

tibialis anterior/posterior

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16
Q

muscles responsible for eversion

A

peroneus longus/brevis/tertius

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17
Q

calcaneonavicular ligament

A

spring (jumping) ligament, maintains longitudonal arch, supports head of talus

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18
Q

calcaneocuboid ligament

A

long and short plantar ligament, long is deep, longitudonal arch support

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19
Q

flat foot deformity

A

pes planovalgus, arch collapses, posterior tibial tendon dysfunction
-back: hindfoot valgus
-middle: pes planus, midfoot collapse
-forefoot: abduction/eversion collapse

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20
Q

triple arthrodesis

A

surgery that fuses subtalar, talonavicular, and calcaneocuboid joints

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21
Q

hollow foot

22
Q

tarsal bones

Study These Flashcards
A

calcaneous, talus, navicular, medial/middle/lateral cuneiforms, cuboid

23
Q

cotton osteotomy

Study These Flashcards
A

cut and reposition medial cuneiform
- used for forefoot valgus, flatfoot

24
Q

hindfoot bones

Study These Flashcards
A

calcaneous, talus

25
midfoot bones
navicular, medial/middle/lateral cuneiforms, cuboid
26
forefoot bones
5 metatarsals, 14 phalanges
27
extensor digitorum brevis
origin: dorsal lateral calcaneous, inferior extensor retinaculum insertion: long extensor tendons of digits 2,3,4 innervation: deep peroneal action: aids EDL in extending toes
28
extensor hallucis brevis
origin: dorsal lateral calcaneous, inferior extensor retinaculum insertion: dorsal base of phalanx of great toe innervation: deep peroneal action:aid EHL in extending great toe at MTP joint
29
blood supply to dorsal foot
anterior tibial artery (branch of popliteal) becomes dorsalis pedis artery
30
branches of dorsalis pedis artery
lateral tarsal, arcuate --> dorsal metatarsal arteries - becomes deep plantar artery
31
blood supply to toe
every toe has a digital artery that branches into medial and lateral
32
foot sensory innervation
saphenous - medial sural - lateral superficial peroneal - dorsum deep peroneal - webspace btwn 1st and 2nd toes tibial - plantar surface (medial and lateral plantar nerves)
33
superficial peroneal nerve branches
medial dorsal cutaneous, intermediate dorsal cutaneous
34
arches of the plantar foot
transverse arch (cross section), medial longitudinal arch, lateral longitudinal arch
35
plantar aponeurosis
plantar fascia, extends from calcaneal tuberosity to toes, windlass mechanism
36
windlass mechanism
plantar fascia wraps around metatarsals as toes extend --> tightens and elevates medial longitudinal arch, facilitates weight transfer and propulsion in walking/running
37
muscles in 1st layer of plantar foot
abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, abductor digiti minimi
38
muscles in 2nd layer of plantar foot
tendon of flexor hallucis longus, tendon of flexor digitorum longus, quadratus plantae, lumbrical muscles
39
muscles in 3rd layer of plantar foot
adductor hallucis (transverse and oblique head), flexor digiti minimi, flexor hallucis brevis (lateral and medial head)
40
muscles in 4th layer of plantar foot
dorsal and plantar interosseous muscles
41
function of plantar foot muscles
flex toes, maintain shape
42
blood supply to plantar foot
medial and lateral plantar artery (branches of posterior tibial)
43
innervation of plantar foot
motor: medial and lateral plantar nerve, common (lateral) and proper (medial) plantar digital nerves (toes), medial calcaneal branch (heel) sensory: saphenous (medial), lateral cutaneous nerve of foot
44
tarsal tunnel syndrome
compression of tibial nerve as it runs behind medial malleolus and behind flexor retinaculum symptoms: shooting pain, numbness, tingling over sole of foot
45
pilon ankle fracture
intraarticular break of tibia, associated soft tissue injury, highly comminuted, high energy treatment: splint, OR stabilization w/ external fixator, ORIF
46
rotational ankle fracture
twisting force, any energy, can involve 1, 2, or 3 malleoli (lateral, medial, posterior)
47
ankle mortise
joint formed by tibia, fibula, talus, important for ankle stability and weight-bearing
48
lisfranc injuries
damage to lisfranc ligament - gap between 1st and 2nd metatarsals - happens when foot is plantarflexed, forces metatarsals outward
49
TMT joint complex injuries
fractures at bases of the 5 metatarsals or dislocations of cuneiforms
50
5th metatarsal base fracture
zone 3: stress fracture zone 2: jones zone 1: pseudo jones -> boot

anatomy of lower extremities (5 decks)

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