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anatomy of lower extremities > thigh anatomy > Flashcards

thigh anatomy Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

medial compartment of thigh

A

adductor longus/brevis/magnus, gracilis, obturator externus

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2
Q

gracilis

A

-most medial muscle of thigh
origin: body and inferior pubic ramus
insertion: medial tibia (pes anserinus)
innervation: obturator
action: adducts thigh, medial rotation/flexion of hip, flex knee

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3
Q

adductor longus

A

origin: inferior pubis
insertion: medial lip of linea aspera
innervation: obturator
action: adduct thigh

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4
Q

adductor brevis

A

deep to pectineus, adductor longus
origin: pubis body, inferior ramus
insertion: linea aspera
innervation: obturator
action: adduct thigh

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5
Q

adductor magnus (adductor part)

A

origin: inferior pubic ramus
insertion: linea aspera
innervation: obturator
action: adduct thigh

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6
Q

pes anserinus

A

SGT FOT, medial

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7
Q

obturator externus

A

origin: obturator foramen, obturator membrane
insertion: greater trochanter
innervation: obturator
action: external rotation of thigh, adduct flexed hip

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8
Q

adductor canal contents

A

superficial femoral artery/vein, saphenous nerve, nerve to vastus medialis

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9
Q

adductor canal borders

A

proximal: apex of femoral triangle
distal: adductor hiatus
lateral: vastus medialis
anterior: vastus medialis/sartorius
medial: sartorius
posterior: adductor longus/magnus

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10
Q

adduct

A

bring hip toward midline

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11
Q

posterior compartment of thigh

A

gluteus maximus/medius/minimus, tensor fascia lata, short external rotators (P GOGO Q), hamstrings (semibi)

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12
Q

gluteus maximus

A

origin: ilium posterior to gluteal line, coccyx, sacrum, PSIS, iliac crest
insertion: IT band
innervation: inferior gluteal
action: extend thigh, external rotation, abduction

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13
Q

gluteus medius

A

origin: external surface of ilium
insertion: lateral surface of greater trochanter
innervation: superior gluteal
action: abducts and internally rotates thigh

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14
Q

gluteus minimus

A

origin: external surface of ilium
insertion: anterior surface of greater trochanter
innervation: superior gluteal
action: abducts and internally rotates thigh

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15
Q

tensor fascia lata

A

origin: ASIS, iliac crest
insertion: IT band/gerdy’s tubercle
innervation: superior gluteal
action: abducts and internally rotates thigh

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16
Q

short external rotators of thigh

A

P GOGO Q
piriformis, superior gemellus, obturator internus, inferior gemellus, obturator externus (anterior), quadratus femoris

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17
Q

piriformis

A

origin: anterior surface of sacrum
insertion: greater trochanter
innervation: superior gluteal (branches of S1, S2)
action: externally rotate thigh, abduct flexed thigh

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18
Q

obturator internus

A

origin: pelvic surface, obturator membrane
insertion: medial surface of greater trochanter
innervation: nerve to obturator internus
action: externally rotate thigh, abduct flexed thigh

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19
Q

superior gemellus

A

origin: ischial spine
insertion: medial surface of greater trochanter
innervation: nerve to obturator internus
action: externally rotate thigh, abduct flexed thigh

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20
Q

inferior gemellus

A

origin: ischial tuberosity
insertion: medial surface of greater trochanter
innervation: nerve to quadratus femoris
action: externally rotate thigh, abduct flexed thigh

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21
Q

quadratus femoris

A

origin: lateral border of ischial tuberosity
insertion: inter-trochanteric crest
innervation: nerve to quadratus femoris
action: externally rotate thigh

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22
Q

hamstrings

A

semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris long head
- extend hip, flex knee

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23
Q

semimembranosus

A

origin: ischial tuberosity
insertion: medial condyle of tibia
innervation: tibial
action: extend hip, flex knee, internal rotation of flexed leg

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24
Q

semitendinosus

A

origin: ischial tuberosity
insertion: pes anserinus
innervation: tibial
action: extend hip, flex knee, internal rotation of flexed leg

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25
biceps femoris long head
origin: ischial tuberosity insertion: head of fibula innervation: tibial action: extend hip, flex knee
26
biceps femoris short head
origin: linea aspera insertion: head of fibula innervation: common peroneal action: flex knee
27
greater sciatic foramen borders
greater sciatic notch, sacrospinous ligament, sacrotuberous ligament
28
greater sciatic foramen contents
7 nerves: sciatic, superior gluteal, inferior gluteal, pudendal, posterior femoral cutaneous, nerve to quadratus femoris, nerve to obturator internus 3 arteries: superior gluteal, inferior gluteal, internal pudendal 1 muscle: piriformis
29
lesser sciatic foramen borders
superior: sacrospinous ligament inferior: sacrotuberous ligament
30
lesser sciatic foramen contents
tendon: obturator internus internal pudendal artery/vein pudendal nerve
31
anterior thigh compartment
pectineus, iliopsoas, sartorius, quadriceps femoris, articularis genu
32
psoas abscess
fever, abdominal pain, elevated WBC, pain with hip extension, resisted flexion
33
quadriceps femoris muscles
rectus femoris, vastus medialis/intermedius/lateralis
34
rectus femoris
origin: direct head - AIIS, indirect head - acetabulum/hip joint insertion: superior pole of patella (quadriceps tendon) innervation: femoral action: hip flexion, knee extension
35
vastus lateralis
origin: gluteal tuberosity, greater trochanter, linea aspera insertion: quadriceps tendon innervation: femoral action: knee extension
36
vastus intermedius
origin: femoral shaft insertion: quadriceps tendon innervation: femoral action: knee extension
37
vastus medialis
origin: intertrochanteric line, linea aspera insertion: quadriceps tendon innervation: femoral action: knee extension
38
articularis genu
origin: anterior distal femur insertion: suprapatellar bursa innervation: femoral action: draw suprapatellar bursa proximal during knee extension
39
quad tendon rupture
fail during eccentric contraction (muscle length increases while contracting) requires surgery associated with systemic diseases
40
patellar reflex
force to patellar tendon --> stretch tendon which stretches quad tendon - quads reflexively contract
41
inguinal ligament
extend from pubic tubercle to ASIS
42
cortical bone
dense/compact
43
cancellous bone
spongy, more turnover
44
what cells make up bone
osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts
45
what makes up extracellular matrix
organic (35%): collagen type 1 (90%) inorganic (65%): hydroxyapatite
46
endochondral bone formation
process where growing cartilage is replaced by bone to form growing skeleton
47
periosteal arteries
at periphery of bone
48
metaphyseal and epiphyseal arteries
supply ends of bones
49
femoral triangle contents
lateral-medial NAVEL femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein, lymphatics
50
femoral triangle borders
inguinal ligament (superiorly), adductor longus (medially), sartorius (laterally), iliopsoas/pectineus (floor)
51
iliapsoas
origin: iliac fossa insertion: lesser trochanter innervation: femoral action: flex hip
52
sartorius
origin: ASIS insertion: medial tibia (pes anserinus) innervation: femoral action: flex and externally rotate hip
53
pectineus
origin: superior pubic rami insertion: lesser trochanter innervation: femoral action: flex and adduct thigh
54
how does femoral nerve terminate
saphenous
55
hemiarthroplasty
half joint replacement, replace femoral head, leaves acetabulum untouched - lower dislocation risk
56
blood supply to femoral head
medial femoral circumflex artery
57
femoral neck stress fracture
common in runners, females - compression on interior surface - tension on superior surface - can go on to complete fracture with displacement
58
hip labral tear
- labrum = ring of cartilage that goes around acetabulum to enhance stability around femoral head - no acute injury, sharp groin pain - CAM: bump on femoral neck abuts labrum - Pincer: overgrown acetabulum abuts femoral neck - MRI with arthrogram - diagnose with position of flexion, internal rotation, and adduction treatment: PT, arthroscopy if severe
59
hip dislocation
high energy injury, posterior more common (easy to injure PCL) - present with shortened, internally rotated limb treatment: reduction (pull leg into place)
60
proximal hamstring avulsion fracture
forced extension of flexed knee during deceleration diagnosis: palpable defect in tendon, bruising, pain/weakness with flexion treatment: surgery
61
quadriceps tendon tear
forced flexion of knee diagnosis: large hemoarthrosis, palpable defect in tendon superior to patella, unable to extend knee
62
cephalomedullary nail
surgical implant used to fix intertrochanteric femur fractures
63
deforming forces
forces that cause muscles to lose their shape of size gluteus: abduction short rotators: external rotation iliopsoas: flexion adductors: medialization, shortening
64
when do adductors deform
coronal plane
65
antegrade intramedullary nail
used to fix femoral shaft fractures
66
retrograde intramedullary nail
used to fix distal femoral fractures
67
malunion vs nonunion
when a fracture heals improperly vs when it doesn't heal at all
68
mal/nonunion complications
functional impairment, leg length discrepancy, incompatibility with surgical implants, pain

anatomy of lower extremities (5 decks)

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